under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.)
Used in the pattern ...の下に or ...の下で to indicate being under someone's guidance, supervision, or the influence of rules, laws, or systems.
He conducted research under a famous professor.
新しい法律の下では、この行為は違法となる。
Under the new law, this act becomes illegal.
under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath
Used for physical or metaphorical position beneath something, such as a flag, the sun, or a tree. Often in the pattern ...の下に.
彼らは同じ旗の下に集まった。
They gathered under the same flag.
私たちは太陽の下で遊んだ。
We played under the sun.
with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); in (e.g. the name of ...)
Used in the pattern ...の下に to express doing something with a single action, or on the basis of a promise, condition, or in the name of something. Often literary or formal.
彼は一撃の下に相手を倒した。
He felled his opponent with a single blow.
彼らは平和の名の下に集まった。
They gathered in the name of peace.
(someone's) side; (someone's) location
Only when written 許
Refers to being at someone's side or location. Usually written as 元 rather than 下. Cross-referenced with 元 sense 5.
See also: 元
彼は母親の許へ帰った。
He returned to his mother's side.
He studied painting under the guidance of a famous artist.
This contract was concluded on the basis of mutual consent.
We have lived under the same roof for a long time.
He acted in the name of justice.