under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.)
Used in the pattern ...の下に or ...の下で to indicate being under someone's guidance, supervision, or the influence of rules, laws, or systems.
He conducted research under a famous professor.
Under the new law, this act becomes illegal.
under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath
Used for physical or metaphorical position beneath something, such as a flag, the sun, or a tree. Often in the pattern ...の下に.
They gathered under the same flag.
We played under the sun.
with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); in (e.g. the name of ...)
Used in the pattern ...の下に to express doing something with a single action, or on the basis of a promise, condition, or in the name of something. Often literary or formal.
He felled his opponent with a single blow.
They gathered in the name of peace.
(someone's) side; (someone's) location
Only when written 許
Refers to being at someone's side or location. Usually written as 元 rather than 下. Cross-referenced with 元 sense 5.
See also: 元
He returned to his mother's side.
He studied painting under the guidance of a famous artist.
This contract was concluded on the basis of mutual consent.
We have lived under the same roof for a long time.
He acted in the name of justice.