Convention on the Rights of the Child
Official name of the UN treaty. Often referred to as 子どもの権利条約 in more accessible contexts.
See also: 子どもの権利条約
Japan ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1994.
More common, colloquial name for the same treaty. 児童の権利条約 is the formal, legal designation.
Compound of 児童 (child), の (possessive particle), 権利 (rights), and 条約 (treaty/convention). A direct translation of the English name.