司し教きょう座ざ聖せい堂どう

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Meanings

1

noun

Specifically refers to the principal church of a diocese, where the bishop's seat (cathedra) is located.

director, official, govt office

教teach, faith, doctrine

座squat, seat, cushion

聖holy, saint, sage

堂public chamber, hall

大だい聖せい堂どう
大聖堂 is a more general term for a large or grand church, not necessarily a cathedral with a bishop's seat.
教きょう会かい
教会 is the general word for a church building or congregation, without the specific hierarchical implication of 司教座聖堂.

Compound of 司教 (bishop) + 座 (seat) + 聖堂 (church, sacred hall), literally 'bishop's seat church', a calque of the concept of a cathedral.