judicial trial; court trial
Refers to a trial conducted by a court of law, as opposed to administrative or private proceedings.
He was acquitted in a judicial trial.
Judicial trials are in principle open to the public.
The suspect was brought to trial.
The company contested the terms of the contract in court.
He has the right to undergo a formal trial.
裁判 is the general term for any trial or judgment, while 司法裁判 specifically means a trial conducted by the judiciary as opposed to administrative proceedings.
Compound of 司法 (しほう, 'judicial' or 'administration of justice') and 裁判 (さいばん, 'trial' or 'judgment'). The term is a straightforward legal compound with no obscure historical derivation.