恐縮する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 恐縮する | 恐縮しない |
| Polite | 恐縮します | 恐縮しません |
| Past polite | 恐縮しました | 恐縮しませんでした |
| Past | 恐縮した | 恐縮しなかった |
| Te-form | 恐縮して | 恐縮しないで |
| Desire | 恐縮したい | 恐縮したくない |
| Potential | 恐縮できる | 恐縮できない |
| Passive | 恐縮される | 恐縮されない |
| Causative | 恐縮させる | 恐縮させない |
| Causative passive | 恐縮させられる | 恐縮させられない |
| Volitional | 恐縮しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 恐縮しましょう | |
| Imperative | 恐縮しろ | 恐縮するな |
| Conditional | 恐縮すれば | 恐縮しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 恐縮したら | 恐縮しなかったら |
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
grateful; obliged; thankful
Expresses a polite, somewhat formal feeling of being indebted or grateful for someone's kindness or trouble. Often used in business or formal settings.
I am very grateful for your kindness.
I feel much obliged that you came all this way.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
Used to apologize for causing trouble, making a mistake, or receiving excessive praise/hospitality. Often appears before a request as 恐縮ですが to soften it.
I'm sorry to trouble you, but may I ask your name again?
I feel embarrassed by your excessive praise.
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb
cowering in fear
Archaic sense; literally shrinking back in fear. Not used in modern Japanese outside historical contexts.
In classical literature, there are depictions of people cowering in fear before an enemy.
I'm sorry to bother you when you're busy, but could I have a moment of your time?
I am deeply grateful for my teacher's kindness.
I'm grateful, and a bit embarrassed, that you went out of your way to come.