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Kotomora

恐きょう縮しゅく

きょ
う
しゅ
く
Common wordJLPTN2Freq.Top 20,000

Meanings

1

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

grateful; obliged; thankful

Expresses a polite, somewhat formal feeling of being indebted or grateful for someone's kindness or trouble. Often used in business or formal settings.

2

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

sorry; ashamed; embarrassed

Used to apologize for causing trouble, making a mistake, or receiving excessive praise/hospitality. Often appears before a request as 恐縮ですが to soften it.

3

noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', intransitive verb

cowering in fear

archaic

Archaic sense; literally shrinking back in fear. Not used in modern Japanese outside historical contexts.

Usage patterns