Common word› JLPT N3 › Freq. Frequency Top 20,000 Conjugation 悲しむ · godan verb (-mu)
Form Positive Negative Dictionary 悲かな しむ 悲かな しまない Polite 悲かな しみます 悲かな しみません Past polite 悲かな しみました 悲かな しみませんでした Past 悲かな しんだ 悲かな しまなかった Te-form 悲かな しんで 悲かな しまないで Desire 悲かな しみたい 悲かな しみたくない Potential 悲かな しめる 悲かな しめない Passive 悲かな しまれる 悲かな しまれない Causative 悲かな しませる 悲かな しませない Causative passive 悲かな しませられる also 悲かな しまされる 悲かな しませられない also 悲かな しまされない Volitional 悲かな しもう Polite volitional 悲かな しみましょう Imperative 悲かな しめ 悲かな しむな Conditional 悲かな しめば 悲かな しまなければ Tara conditional 悲かな しんだら 悲かな しまなかったら
Related words 嘆く implies a stronger, often vocal lamentation or deep grief, while 悲しむ is a more general, quieter term for feeling sad or mourning.
悼む is used specifically for mourning someone's death, while 悲しむ covers sadness or grief over any cause, including but not limited to death.
悲しがる focuses on the outward display of sadness that others can observe, while 悲しむ describes the inner feeling or act of grieving itself.
悲しむ is the general word for feeling sad, while 憂える carries a heavier, more literary tone of lamentation over loss or tragedy.
悲しむ means to feel sad or grieve, but does not necessarily imply regret or self-blame like 悔やむ .
Don't confuse with 悲しい is the i-adjective describing the state of being sad, while 悲しむ is the verb describing the act of feeling or expressing that sadness.
悲しむ looks and sounds similar to 惜しむ but means simply 'to be sad,' whereas 惜しむ specifically expresses reluctance or regret over losing something valuable.
哀しむ shares the kanji 哀 with 哀れむ but means 'to grieve/feel sad oneself', whereas 哀れむ means 'to feel pity for someone else'.
Written forms 悲かな しむ Usage 91%
Standard kanji spelling; the most frequent and neutral form.
かなしむ Usage 5%
哀かな しむ Usage 4%
Alternative kanji with a nuance of pity or pathos; less common than 悲しむ .
Etymology Derived from the adjective 悲しい (sad) with the verbalizing suffix む , indicating a subjective emotional state.
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