Used in the pattern ...において to mark a specific time or location where something occurs. Formal written style; in speech, で is more common.
See also: において
The meeting will be held in Tokyo.
In 2020, there was a big change.
in (a situation, matter, etc.); regarding; when it comes to
Used in the pattern ...において to indicate the area, field, or respect in which something is true. Formal; often seen in reports, news, and academic writing.
See also: において
On this point, his opinion is correct.
In terms of technology, Japan is advanced.
on the part of; under the authority of; in the name of
Used in the pattern ...において to indicate the agent or authority responsible for an action. Formal and somewhat stiff; often replaced by によって in modern Japanese.
See also: において
Our company will handle this matter responsibly.
The government is considering measures.
によって is the modern, common way to mark the agent or means of an action, while おいて in this sense sounds old-fashioned and stiff.
Applies to each form listed below
Rare kanji form; learners should use the kana spelling.
Rare kanji form; learners should use the kana spelling.
Contraction of において, from the verb 置く (to place) in its continuative form 置き + particle て, literally 'placing at'. The kanji 於 is a classical Chinese character used for location, adopted in Japanese as ateji.