練る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 練る | 練らない |
| Polite | 練ります | 練りません |
| Past polite | 練りました | 練りませんでした |
| Past | 練った | 練らなかった |
| Te-form | 練って | 練らないで |
| Desire | 練りたい | 練りたくない |
| Potential | 練れる | 練れない |
| Passive | 練られる | 練られない |
| Causative | 練らせる | 練らせない |
| Causative passive | 練らせられるalso 練らされる | 練らせられないalso 練らされない |
| Volitional | 練ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 練りましょう | |
| Imperative | 練れ | 練るな |
| Conditional | 練れば | 練らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 練ったら | 練らなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
knead; thicken into paste
Physical action of working dough, clay, or similar substances by hand, or stirring a mixture over heat until it thickens.
Before making bread, knead the flour well.
Stir flour and butter in a pan to make a roux.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Metaphorical extension: improving an idea, plan, or argument through careful thought and revision.
Let's polish the proposal a bit more before submitting it.
He reworked his ideas many times.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
Used for physical or mental training, often in sports or martial arts, emphasizing repeated practice to improve skill or strength.
Every morning I train my body at the dojo.
He drilled tactics assuming actual combat.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
gloss silk; soften; degum
Specialized textile term: treating raw silk to remove sericin and give it luster and softness.
Raw silk is degummed to bring out its luster.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
tan leather
Specialized term for treating animal hides to make leather.
The craftsman tans the hide to soften it.
godan verb (-ru), transitive verb
temper steel
Metallurgical term: heating and cooling steel to adjust its hardness and toughness.
The swordsmith tempers the steel repeatedly.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
walk in procession; parade; march
Intransitive use; describes people moving in a formal, often slow, procession. The rare kanji 邌る is specifically associated with this sense.
The festival procession parades through the town.
The potter carefully kneaded the clay.
I polished the writing many times before presenting it.
The athletes trained and honed their swordsmanship.
The swordsmith tempered the steel repeatedly to increase its strength.
こねる is a casual word for kneading dough or clay, while 練る is broader and covers both this physical sense and metaphorical or technical uses.
stiff consistency; thick paste
Rare kanji form; sometimes used for tempering metal or training.
Rare kanji form specifically for walking in procession.