まで

〈時とき〉から〈時とき〉までfrom (time) until (time)
朝あさ9時じから夜よる5時じまで働はたらきます。
I work from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m.
〈場ば所しょ〉まで〈動どう詞し〉to go/reach as far as a place
駅えきまで歩あるいて行いきました。
I walked as far as the station.
〈事こと〉までして〈動どう詞し〉to go so far as to do (something extreme) in order to do something
彼かれは借しゃっ金きんまでして車くるまを買かった。
He went so far as to take out a loan to buy a car.
〈動どう詞し〉までだit's just that ~; merely (doing something)
そう思おもったまでだ。
It's just that I thought so.

Grammar

至し
まで is a common particle used in everyday speech for 'until' or 'to'; 至 is a formal prefix used mainly in written signs and official documents to mark a destination or deadline.
までも
まで is the plain particle for 'until/up to', while までも adds emphasis, suggesting 'even to the point of' and appearing in set patterns like ～までもない.
にかけて
まで marks a clear, definite endpoint, whereas にかけて describes a fuzzy range without a sharp boundary, often paired with から.
さえ
まで can express 'even' by showing an extreme degree reached, whereas さえ more directly marks an unexpected minimum case.

からN5sense 1
から marks the starting point of a time or place range, while まで marks its ending point.

へ sense 2
へ indicates the direction something moves toward, whereas まで stresses reaching or extending up to a specific endpoint.
に sense 2
に simply marks a point of arrival or time, while まで emphasizes the continuous extent leading up to that point.
までにN5
まで shows a continuous extent up to a point in time or space (e.g. 5時まで待つ = wait until 5:00), while までに marks a deadline by which a single action must be completed (e.g. 5時までに来る = come by 5:00).

までUsage99%
Standard kana spelling; the kanji 迄 is rarely used.
迄までUsage1%
rarely-used kanji form
Rarely used kanji form; learners should use まで.
マデUsage<1%

The historical derivation is uncertain; まで has been used as a particle since Old Japanese.