閉まる
閉まる · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 閉まる | 閉まらない |
| Polite | 閉まります | 閉まりません |
| Past polite | 閉まりました | 閉まりませんでした |
| Past | 閉まった | 閉まらなかった |
| Te-form | 閉まって | 閉まらないで |
| Desire | 閉まりたい | 閉まりたくない |
| Potential | 閉まれる | 閉まれない |
| Passive | 閉まられる | 閉まられない |
| Causative | 閉まらせる | 閉まらせない |
| Causative passive | 閉まらせられるalso 閉まらされる | 閉まらせられないalso 閉まらされない |
| Volitional | 閉まろう | |
| Polite volitional | 閉まりましょう | |
| Imperative | 閉まれ | 閉まるな |
| Conditional | 閉まれば | 閉まらなければ |
| Tara conditional | 閉まったら | 閉まらなかったら |
Meanings
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Only when written 閉まる
Intransitive: a door, window, lid, shop, etc. closes or is in a closed state. Usually written 閉まる for this sense.
The door closed because of the wind.
This shop closes at eight.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
be firm; be well-knit; look toned
Only when written 締まる
Used of a body, face, expression, or form that looks firm, compact, or well put together. The common spelling is 締まる, often in the form 締まった.
He has a firm, well-toned build.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
be locked
Only when written 閉まる
Used when a lock, door, or entrance is secured. 鍵がかかる is also a very common way to say that something is locked.
The back door is already locked.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
tighten; be tightened; be tight
Only when written 締まる / 緊まる
Intransitive: a screw, belt, knot, tap, etc. becomes tight or is in a tightened state. Written 締まる in ordinary modern use.
This screw is not tightened properly yet.
The belt is fastened tightly.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
become sober; become tense; brace oneself
Only when written 締まる / 緊まる
Mental or emotional use, often in set phrases such as 身が締まる思い, meaning that one feels sobered, braced, or made tense by a serious situation.
The teacher's stern words made me feel sobered and braced.
Usage patterns
- 〈場所〉が閉まるa place (shop, station, etc.) closes
That supermarket closes at 10 pm.
- 鍵が閉まるa lock is engaged; something is locked
This door locks automatically.
- ねじが締まるa screw becomes tight
This screw is tightly fastened.
- 身が締まる思いがするto feel sobered or braced by something serious
My teacher's words made me feel sobered and braced.
- 体が締まるthe body becomes firm or toned
Since I exercise every day, my body has become more toned.