閉まる · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 閉まる | 閉まらない |
| Polite | 閉まります | 閉まりません |
| Past polite | 閉まりました | 閉まりませんでした |
| Past | 閉まった | 閉まらなかった |
| Te-form | 閉まって | 閉まらないで |
| Desire | 閉まりたい | 閉まりたくない |
| Potential | 閉まれる | 閉まれない |
| Passive | 閉まられる | 閉まられない |
| Causative | 閉まらせる | 閉まらせない |
| Causative passive | 閉まらせられるalso 閉まらされる | 閉まらせられないalso 閉まらされない |
| Volitional | 閉まろう | |
| Polite volitional | 閉まりましょう | |
| Imperative | 閉まれ | 閉まるな |
| Conditional | 閉まれば | 閉まらなければ |
| Tara conditional | 閉まったら | 閉まらなかったら |
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Only when written 閉まる
Intransitive: a door, window, lid, shop, etc. closes or is in a closed state. Usually written 閉まる for this sense.
The door closed because of the wind.
This shop closes at eight.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
be firm; be well-knit; look toned
Only when written 締まる
Used of a body, face, expression, or form that looks firm, compact, or well put together. The common spelling is 締まる, often in the form 締まった.
He has a firm, well-toned build.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
be locked
Only when written 閉まる
Used when a lock, door, or entrance is secured. 鍵がかかる is also a very common way to say that something is locked.
The back door is already locked.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
tighten; be tightened; be tight
Only when written 締まる / 緊まる
Intransitive: a screw, belt, knot, tap, etc. becomes tight or is in a tightened state. Written 締まる in ordinary modern use.
This screw is not tightened properly yet.
The belt is fastened tightly.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
become sober; become tense; brace oneself
Only when written 締まる / 緊まる
Mental or emotional use, often in set phrases such as 身が締まる思い, meaning that one feels sobered, braced, or made tense by a serious situation.
The teacher's stern words made me feel sobered and braced.
That supermarket closes at 10 pm.
This door locks automatically.
This screw is tightly fastened.
My teacher's words made me feel sobered and braced.
Since I exercise every day, my body has become more toned.
締まる means to become tight or firm, the direct opposite of 弛む's meaning of becoming slack or loose.
閉まる is used for a shop or door closing on its own, the opposite of 開く in its intransitive 'open for business' sense.
Rare kanji spelling, associated with tension or tightness; 締まる is the normal spelling.