Kotomora
JLPT N3Construction
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しかないHave no choice but to

Use this when circumstances leave only one realistic course of action. It often conveys practical necessity or reluctant resignation: “there is nothing to do but…”

How it works

The verb names the sole remaining action. The speaker has considered the situation and concluded that the other possibilities are unavailable, impractical, or already exhausted. English often uses “have no choice but to” or “will just have to”; a simple “must” may also work when the context makes the lack of alternatives clear.

The only practical option

The surrounding context normally shows why the alternatives have disappeared.

しゅうでんがもうてしまったので、タクシーでかえるしかない

The last train has already left, so we have no choice but to take a taxi home.

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さんやせないなら、けいかくしゅくしょうするしかない

If we cannot increase the budget, we will have to scale back the plan.

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ほかのみせまっているし、ここでべるしかないね。

The other restaurants are closed too, so I guess we'll just have to eat here.

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The sentence-ending particle softens the resigned conclusion and invites agreement.

Choosing among similar expressions

しかない presents an action as the only viable option. By contrast, だけ simply limits something and does not itself say that circumstances force a particular action. よりほかない and よりかたがない give a similar no-alternative conclusion in a more formal style. ざるをない more strongly emphasizes being compelled to act despite reluctance.

More examples

でんしゃまっているので、あるいてくしかない

The trains are not running, so we have no choice but to walk.

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やくぜんまっている。らいしゅうまでつしかない

All the appointments are booked. I'll just have to wait until next week.

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さいをなくしたので、すぐにカードをめるしかない

I lost my wallet, so I have no choice but to cancel my cards immediately.

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このみちとおれないなら、とおまわりするしかない

If this road is impassable, we'll have to take the long way around.

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だれけてくれないなら、わたしやるしかない

If no one else will take it on, I have no choice but to do it myself.

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パソコンがこわれてしゅうもできないから、あたらしいものをうしかない

The computer is broken and cannot be repaired, so I'll have to buy a new one.

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しかない (shikanai) – Have no choice but to