Grammar reference
Japanese grammar reference by JLPT level
Browse 862 individual explanations and 50 guides that compare related forms in context.
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3 guides
と・ って・ という・ と言う・ という意味だ・ というのは・ とは・ いわゆるSystem guide
From quoted words to names and definitionsThese forms all begin from the idea of presenting words, a label, or an idea as a unit. The quickest way to choose among them is to look at what comes next: a reporting verb, a comment, a category noun, a noun whose content is being supplied, or an explanation. That destination reveals whether you are quoting, naming, describing content, or defining.9 points · N5–N4–N3–N2として・ に対して・ にとって・ で言うと・ としては・ にしたら・ から見るとChoice guide
Choosing among roles, targets, and viewpointsChoose by asking what job the marked noun is doing. Is it a role someone holds, a target receiving an action, a person whose interests matter, a system used for classification, an imagined position, or the evidence behind a judgment? English often translates several of these with “as,” “for,” or “from the viewpoint of,” but Japanese keeps those relationships separate.7 points · N3–N2はずがない・ わけがない・ っこない・ とても~ない・ ようがない・ べくもない・ どうにも~ない・ には無理があるChoice guide
Choosing the right kind of impossibilityEnglish “there is no way” covers several different judgments. Japanese normally makes you choose what is impossible: a claim may conflict with the facts, a task may exceed practical capacity, an intended action may be blocked, or no method may exist at all. Identify that diagnosis first; strength and register come second.10 points · N4–N3–N2–N1Direct lookup
Results for “言う”
10 grammar points
- 言うに言えない・
帰ろうにも帰れないWould do it, but cannotN1 - と言う・
と言っていたReporting what someone saidN4 - ように言う・
頼む・ 言われるReport an instruction or requestN4 - で言うとIn terms of; the equivalent inN3
- から見ると・
からすると・ から言うとFrom the perspective or evidence ofN2 - いらっしゃる・
おっしゃる・ なさる・ 召し上がる・ ご覧になるSpecial respectful verbsN4 - 参る・
伺う・ 申す・ いたすSpecial humble verbsN4 - とQuotation markerN5
- ちなみにIncidentally; as a related side noteN2