Translation guide
The English word 'result' can refer to an outcome, a consequence, a score, or a finding. In Japanese, different words and patterns are used depending on whether you mean a final outcome, a test score, a result of an action, or a result as a logical conclusion.
The final situation after something happens; what comes about as an effect.
The most common and general word for 'result' or 'outcome'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese.
努力の結果が出た。
The results of my efforts showed.
結果はどうなりましたか？
What was the result?
Refers to positive results or achievements, often from work or research. Implies a successful outcome.
このプロジェクトの成果を報告します。
I will report the results of this project.
Refers to the ending or conclusion of a story, event, or process. Often used in narratives.
その事件の結末は意外だった。
The outcome of that incident was surprising.
The mark or score received on an exam or evaluation.
Used for academic grades or performance results. Can also refer to business performance.
試験の成績が良かった。
My exam results were good.
Specifically refers to a numerical score or points on a test.
Expressing that something happened as a result of doing something.
Attach to the past tense of a verb to mean 'as a result of doing...'. Formal and written, but also used in speech.
調べた結果、問題はなかった。
As a result of investigating, there was no problem.
Used when a long process leads to an undesirable result. Often has a negative nuance.
悩んだあげく、仕事を辞めた。
After worrying for a long time, I ended up quitting my job.
Similar to 〜た結果, but emphasizes the process leading to the result. Slightly more literary.
考えた末に、留学することにした。
After much thought, I decided to study abroad.
Connecting a cause to its effect; 'consequently' or 'as a result'.
Literally 'that result', used as a conjunction meaning 'as a result' or 'consequently'.
大雨が降った。その結果、試合は中止になった。
It rained heavily. As a result, the game was canceled.
Formal conjunction meaning 'therefore' or 'accordingly'. Common in writing.
証拠がない。したがって、彼は無罪だ。
There is no evidence. Therefore, he is innocent.
The data or conclusions obtained from an investigation or study.
Specifically 'research results'. Often used in academic contexts.
研究結果を学会で発表した。
I presented the research results at a conference.
Results of a survey or investigation.
結果 is a neutral word for any result or outcome. 成果 implies a positive achievement or fruit of labor. Use 成果 when you want to emphasize success.
努力の結果、合格した。
As a result of my efforts, I passed.
この研究は大きな成果を上げた。
This research produced significant results.
When 'result' is part of a set phrase like 'as a result of', use the patterns 〜た結果 or 〜によって. A literal translation like 結果として is possible but often sounds stiff in casual speech.
事故の結果、道が渋滞した。
As a result of the accident, the road was congested.
テストの点数を教えてください。
Please tell me your test score.
調査結果によると、若者の読書量が減っている。
According to the survey results, young people are reading less.