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Kotomora

不

negative, non-, bad, ugly, clumsy

JLPTN4StatusJōyō · grade 4FrequencyTop 200Strokes4

Readings

On'yomi

  • フ
  • ブ

Kun'yomi

—

Meaning

不 centers on negation and reversal: it marks something as not, non-, or the opposite of good, leading to senses like bad, ugly, or clumsy.

Most common words using 不

24 of 1,278
  • 不明ふめい
    N2

    unclear; obscure; indistinct; uncertain; ambiguous

  • 不ふ
    N3

    un-; non-

  • 不安ふあん
    N3

    anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity; suspense

  • 不思議ふしぎ
    N4

    wonderful; marvelous; strange; incredible; amazing; curious; miraculous; mysterious

  • 不足ふそく
    N3

    insufficiency; deficiency; shortage; lack; scarcity; deficit

  • 不可能ふかのう
    N3

    impossible

  • 不満ふまん
    N3

    dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness

  • 不要ふよう
    N1

    unnecessary; unneeded

  • 不正ふせい
    N3

    injustice; unfairness; wrongdoing; iniquity; impropriety; irregularity; dishonesty; illegality; fraud

  • 不良ふりょう
    N1

    bad; poor; inferior; defective

  • 不味いまずい
    N4

    bad(-tasting); unpalatable; unsavoury; unsavory; awful; terrible; unpleasant

  • 不幸ふこう
    N3

    unhappiness; sorrow; misfortune; disaster; accident

  • 不動産ふどうさん
    N1

    real estate

  • 不倫ふりん

    adultery; impropriety; (an) affair; immorality

  • 不能ふのう
    N1

    impossible; incapable (of doing); unable (to do)

  • 不快ふかい
    N1

    displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness

  • 不可ふか
    N3

    wrong; bad; improper; unjustifiable; inadvisable

  • 不安定ふあんてい
    N3

    instability; insecurity; crankiness

  • 不利ふり
    N2

    disadvantage; handicap; unfavorable position

  • 不在ふざい
    N1

    absence

  • 不法ふほう
    N1

    unlawful; illegal

  • 不便ふべん
    N5

    inconvenience; inexpediency; unhandiness

  • 不審ふしん
    N1

    doubt; suspicion; question; strangeness

  • 不十分ふじゅうぶん
    N1

    insufficient; inadequate; imperfect

Explore all words using 不 →

Study

Etymology

不 is an ancient pictograph of a bird flying upward, later borrowed to express negation. The modern form is highly abstract and no longer resembles the original image.

Meaning mnemonic

The four simple strokes of 不 look like a barrier or a crossed-out sign, blocking or negating what comes before it. Think of it as a universal 'not' symbol.

Reading mnemonic

For フ, imagine a big red 'F' stamp on a test paper, marking it as a failure: F -> フ, and the stamp says 'not good enough'.