参

Meaning

参 centers on joining or entering a situation: participating, visiting, or coming/going to a place. The sense of 'three' is a formal numeral used in documents, and 'nonplussed' or 'be defeated' are extensions of being overwhelmed by involvement.

• 参加さんか
  N4

  participation; joining; entry

• 参考さんこう
  N3

  reference; consultation

• 参戦さんせん

  participation in a war; going to war

• 参照さんしょう
  N1

  reference (e.g. to a dictionary, passage, footnotes); consultation; comparison

• 参入さんにゅう

  entering (the marketplace); introducing (something) to the market; access

• 参拝さんぱい

  going and worshipping (at a shrine or temple); visit (to a shrine or temple to worship)

• 参議院さんぎいん
  N1

  House of Councillors (upper house of the National Diet of Japan)

• 持参じさん
  N2

  bringing; taking; carrying

• 参院さんいん

  House of Councillors (upper house of the National Diet of Japan)

• 人参にんじん
  N1

  carrot (Daucus carota)

• 参るまいる
  N4

  to go; to come; to call

• 参画さんかく

  taking part (in planning); participation

• 参列さんれつ

  attendance; participation; presence

• 参謀さんぼう

  staff officer; military staff

• 古参こさん

  senior; veteran; old-timer

• 墓参りはかまいり
  N2

  visit to a grave

• 参道さんどう

  road approaching a shrine

• 参観さんかん

  visit; inspection

• お参りおまいり
  N2

  visit (to a shrine, grave, etc.); worship

• 参与さんよ

  participation; taking part

• 降参こうさん
  N1

  surrender; submission; capitulation

• 参事さんじ

  secretary; councillor; councilor

• 参事官さんじかん

  councillor; councilor

• 参加者さんかしゃ

  participant; entrant; player; competitor

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