断
severance, decline, refuse, apologize, warn, dismiss, prohibit, decision, judgement, cutting
Readings
On'yomi
- ダン
Kun'yomi
- た.つ
- ことわ.る
- さだ.める
Meaning
断 centers on cutting something off decisively: physically severing, refusing or declining, making a firm judgment, or prohibiting. The common thread is a clear, often abrupt, break or decision.
Most common words using 断
24 of 399- 判断はんだんN3
judgment; judgement; decision; conclusion; adjudication
- 診断しんだんN2
diagnosis; medical examination
- 断ることわるN3
to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline
- 決断けつだんN1
decision; determination
- 無断むだんN2
absence of permission; lack of permission
- 切断せつだんN1
cutting; severance; section; amputation; disconnection
- 中断ちゅうだんN2
interruption; suspension; break
- 油断ゆだんN2
negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness
- 断言だんげんN1
assertion; declaration; affirmation
- 横断おうだんN3
crossing (a road, river, etc.); cutting through (e.g. of a river through a town); cutting across; intersecting (e.g. a railway track)
- 断念だんねんN1
abandoning (hope, plans); giving up
- 断だん
decision; judgment; resolution
- 遮断しゃだん
isolation; cut off; blockade; quarantine; interception; deprivation
- 断つたつN1
to sever; to cut off
- 断然だんぜんN2
firmly; flatly; resolutely; decisively; absolutely; definitely
- 断片だんぺんN1
fragment; scrap; piece; shred
- 断りことわり
notice; notification; warning
- 断面だんめんN1
section; cross section; profile
- 断層だんそう
fault; dislocation
- 断定だんていN2
conclusion; decision; judgement; declaration
- 独断どくだんN1
one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision
- 断固だんこN1
firm; determined; resolute; conclusive
- 断トツだんトツ
far and away the best; the very best; cream of the crop; crème de la crème; decisive lead; commanding lead
- 断絶だんぜつN1
extinction (e.g. of a family); dying out; discontinuation
Study
Etymology
断 is the modern simplified form of 斷. The older form combines 㡭 (cut silk threads) with 斤 (axe), expressing the idea of cutting or severing. The modern left side 米 is a simplification of the original thread-cutting component.
Meaning mnemonic
Imagine an axe (斤) cutting through a bundle of rice stalks (米) to sever them cleanly. That decisive cut captures the core idea of cutting off, refusing, or making a firm decision.
Reading mnemonic
For ダン, picture a judge banging a gavel to announce a final decision: the sound 'dan!' cues ダン, and the decisive judgment fits the kanji's meaning.