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Kotomora

断

severance, decline, refuse, apologize, warn, dismiss, prohibit, decision, judgement, cutting

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · grade 5FrequencyTop 500Strokes11

Readings

On'yomi

  • ダン

Kun'yomi

  • た.つ
  • ことわ.る
  • さだ.める

Meaning

断 centers on cutting something off decisively: physically severing, refusing or declining, making a firm judgment, or prohibiting. The common thread is a clear, often abrupt, break or decision.

Most common words using 断

24 of 399
  • 判断はんだん
    N3

    judgment; judgement; decision; conclusion; adjudication

  • 診断しんだん
    N2

    diagnosis; medical examination

  • 断ることわる
    N3

    to refuse; to reject; to dismiss; to turn down; to decline

  • 決断けつだん
    N1

    decision; determination

  • 無断むだん
    N2

    absence of permission; lack of permission

  • 切断せつだん
    N1

    cutting; severance; section; amputation; disconnection

  • 中断ちゅうだん
    N2

    interruption; suspension; break

  • 油断ゆだん
    N2

    negligence; carelessness; inattention; unpreparedness

  • 断言だんげん
    N1

    assertion; declaration; affirmation

  • 横断おうだん
    N3

    crossing (a road, river, etc.); cutting through (e.g. of a river through a town); cutting across; intersecting (e.g. a railway track)

  • 断念だんねん
    N1

    abandoning (hope, plans); giving up

  • 断だん

    decision; judgment; resolution

  • 遮断しゃだん

    isolation; cut off; blockade; quarantine; interception; deprivation

  • 断つたつ
    N1

    to sever; to cut off

  • 断然だんぜん
    N2

    firmly; flatly; resolutely; decisively; absolutely; definitely

  • 断片だんぺん
    N1

    fragment; scrap; piece; shred

  • 断りことわり

    notice; notification; warning

  • 断面だんめん
    N1

    section; cross section; profile

  • 断層だんそう

    fault; dislocation

  • 断定だんてい
    N2

    conclusion; decision; judgement; declaration

  • 独断どくだん
    N1

    one's own judgement (judgment); decision made without consulting others; arbitrary decision

  • 断固だんこ
    N1

    firm; determined; resolute; conclusive

  • 断トツだんトツ

    far and away the best; the very best; cream of the crop; crème de la crème; decisive lead; commanding lead

  • 断絶だんぜつ
    N1

    extinction (e.g. of a family); dying out; discontinuation

Explore all words using 断 →

Study

Etymology

断 is the modern simplified form of 斷. The older form combines 㡭 (cut silk threads) with 斤 (axe), expressing the idea of cutting or severing. The modern left side 米 is a simplification of the original thread-cutting component.

Meaning mnemonic

Imagine an axe (斤) cutting through a bundle of rice stalks (米) to sever them cleanly. That decisive cut captures the core idea of cutting off, refusing, or making a firm decision.

Reading mnemonic

For ダン, picture a judge banging a gavel to announce a final decision: the sound 'dan!' cues ダン, and the decisive judgment fits the kanji's meaning.