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Kotomora

苦

suffering, trial, worry, hardship, feel bitter, scowl

JLPTN3StatusJōyō · grade 3FrequencyTop 1,000Strokes8

Readings

On'yomi

  • ク

Kun'yomi

  • くる.しい
  • -ぐる.しい
  • くる.しむ
  • くる.しめる
  • にが.い
  • にが.る

Meaning

苦 centers on a bitter, difficult experience: suffering, hardship, and worry. The scowl and feeling bitter are natural outward signs of that inner distress.

Most common words using 苦

24 of 219
  • 苦手にがて
    N3

    poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at)

  • 苦労くろう
    N3

    trouble; hardship; difficulty; labour; labor; toil; pains

  • 苦しいくるしい
    N3

    painful; difficult; tough; hard

  • 滅茶苦茶めちゃくちゃ
    N3

    absurd; unreasonable; nonsensical; preposterous; incoherent

  • 苦しむくるしむ
    N3

    to suffer; to groan; to be worried

  • 苦痛くつう
    N3

    pain; agony; suffering; distress; torment

  • 苦しみくるしみ
    N2

    pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship

  • 苦情くじょう
    N3

    complaint; troubles; objection; grievance

  • 苦しめるくるしめる
    N1

    to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to hurt

  • 苦戦くせん

    hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest

  • 苦悩くのう
    N1

    (mental) agony; anguish; suffering; distress

  • 苦笑くしょう

    bitter smile; wry smile; strained laugh; sarcastic laugh

  • 苦いにがい
    N4

    bitter

  • 無茶苦茶むちゃくちゃ
    N2

    nonsensical; unreasonable; absurd; unrealistic

  • 苦言くげん

    candid advice; frank advice; honest opinion; exhortation; harsh but honest advice

  • 苦難くなん

    suffering; distress; hardship; trial

  • 苦境くきょう

    difficult situation; adverse circumstances; predicament; trouble; dilemma; distress

  • 見苦しいみぐるしい
    N2

    unsightly; ugly; unseemly; indecent; deplorable; disgraceful; shameful

  • 苦笑いにがわらい
    N1

    bitter smile; wry smile; forced smile; strained laugh

  • 苦味にがみ
    N2

    bitterness; bitter taste

  • 苦渋くじゅう

    bitterness; distress; pain; anguish; affliction

  • 苦心くしん
    N2

    pains; hard work; effort; trouble; labour; labor

  • 苦慮くりょ

    racking one's brains; worrying oneself; being anxious

  • 苦肉の策くにくのさく

    last resort; desperate measure taken under the pressure of necessity

Explore all words using 苦 →

Study

Etymology

苦 combines 艹 (plant) and 古 (old), suggesting the bitter taste of old plants or herbs. The exact historical development is uncertain, but the association with bitterness is well established.

Meaning mnemonic

Old plants 古 under the grass 艹 taste bitter and bring suffering. Imagine chewing an ancient, dried-up herb and scowling at the hardship.

Reading mnemonic

For ク, picture a bitter herb so harsh it makes you say 'coo!' in disgust: coo -> ク, and the old plant brings suffering.