苦
suffering, trial, worry, hardship, feel bitter, scowl
Readings
On'yomi
- ク
Kun'yomi
- くる.しい
- -ぐる.しい
- くる.しむ
- くる.しめる
- にが.い
- にが.る
Meaning
苦 centers on a bitter, difficult experience: suffering, hardship, and worry. The scowl and feeling bitter are natural outward signs of that inner distress.
Most common words using 苦
24 of 219- 苦手にがてN3
poor (at); weak (in); not very good (at)
- 苦労くろうN3
trouble; hardship; difficulty; labour; labor; toil; pains
- 苦しいくるしいN3
painful; difficult; tough; hard
- 滅茶苦茶めちゃくちゃN3
absurd; unreasonable; nonsensical; preposterous; incoherent
- 苦しむくるしむN3
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
- 苦痛くつうN3
pain; agony; suffering; distress; torment
- 苦しみくるしみN2
pain; anguish; distress; suffering; hardship
- 苦情くじょうN3
complaint; troubles; objection; grievance
- 苦しめるくるしめるN1
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to hurt
- 苦戦くせん
hard fight; close game; struggle; tight contest
- 苦悩くのうN1
(mental) agony; anguish; suffering; distress
- 苦笑くしょう
bitter smile; wry smile; strained laugh; sarcastic laugh
- 苦いにがいN4
bitter
- 無茶苦茶むちゃくちゃN2
nonsensical; unreasonable; absurd; unrealistic
- 苦言くげん
candid advice; frank advice; honest opinion; exhortation; harsh but honest advice
- 苦難くなん
suffering; distress; hardship; trial
- 苦境くきょう
difficult situation; adverse circumstances; predicament; trouble; dilemma; distress
- 見苦しいみぐるしいN2
unsightly; ugly; unseemly; indecent; deplorable; disgraceful; shameful
- 苦笑いにがわらいN1
bitter smile; wry smile; forced smile; strained laugh
- 苦味にがみN2
bitterness; bitter taste
- 苦渋くじゅう
bitterness; distress; pain; anguish; affliction
- 苦心くしんN2
pains; hard work; effort; trouble; labour; labor
- 苦慮くりょ
racking one's brains; worrying oneself; being anxious
- 苦肉の策くにくのさく
last resort; desperate measure taken under the pressure of necessity
Study
Etymology
苦 combines 艹 (plant) and 古 (old), suggesting the bitter taste of old plants or herbs. The exact historical development is uncertain, but the association with bitterness is well established.
Meaning mnemonic
Old plants 古 under the grass 艹 taste bitter and bring suffering. Imagine chewing an ancient, dried-up herb and scowling at the hardship.
Reading mnemonic
For ク, picture a bitter herb so harsh it makes you say 'coo!' in disgust: coo -> ク, and the old plant brings suffering.