辛
spicy, bitter, hot, acrid
Readings
On'yomi
- シン
Kun'yomi
- から.い
- つら.い
- -づら.い
- かのと
Meaning
辛 centers on a sharp, piercing sensation: spicy heat, bitterness, or acrid taste, and by extension emotional harshness or difficulty.
Most common words using 辛
20 of 92- 辛いからいN5
spicy; hot
- 辛いつらいN3
painful; bitter; heart-breaking; difficult (emotionally)
- 辛いづらい
difficult to ... (physically or emotionally); hard to ...
- 辛かのと
8th in rank; eighth sign of the Chinese calendar
- 唐辛子とうがらしN1
capsicum (Capsicum annuum, esp. the cultivated chili peppers); chili pepper (chile, chilli); cayenne; red pepper
- 辛口からくちN1
dry taste (e.g. sake, wine)
- 辛うじてかろうじてN1
barely; narrowly; only just; with difficulty
- 辛抱しんぼうN2
patience; endurance; perseverance
- 香辛料こうしんりょうN1
spice; spices; condiment
- 辛辣しんらつ
bitter (e.g. criticism); sharp; biting; severe; scathing; harsh
- 激辛げきから
extremely spicy; fiery hot
- 塩辛しおから
shiokara; paste made from salted fermented seafood (squid, fish entrails, etc.)
- 辛味からみN2
hot taste; sharp taste; pungent taste; salty taste
- 辛子からしN1
mustard
- 世知辛いせちがらい
tough (world); hard (times); cold
- 甘辛あまから
sweetness and saltiness; salted and sweetened taste
- 辛みつらみ
pent-up resentment; grudges and hard feelings
- 辛酸しんさん
hardships; privation
- 塩辛いしおからいN3
salty (taste); briny
- 辛くもからくも
barely; narrowly; with difficulty
Study
Etymology
辛 is a pictograph of a tattooing needle or a tool for punishment, later associated with sharp, bitter, or painful sensations. The modern form retains the pointed, angular shape.
Meaning mnemonic
The shape looks like a sharp needle or a pointed tool. Imagine a needle pricking your tongue, leaving a spicy, bitter, or acrid taste.
Reading mnemonic
For シン, imagine a sharp needle piercing your skin: the thin, sharp pain cues シン (shin), like the shin bone being pricked.