by means of, because, in view of, compared with
以 centers on using something as a reference point or means: doing something by means of something, because of a reason, in view of a situation, or compared with a standard.
以 originally depicted a person carrying something, later developing into a grammatical marker for means or reference. The modern form is highly stylized and its component history is uncertain.
The left side looks like a hook or tool, and the right side is a person 人. Picture a person using a tool as a means to accomplish something: by means of that tool, they get the job done.
For イ, imagine an eagle (イーグル) using its sharp eyesight as a means to spot prey: eagle -> イ, and the eagle's vision is the means by which it hunts.
not less than ...; ... and over; ... and above; ... and upwards; ... or more
excluding; except (for); apart from; other than; besides; in addition to
before; prior to; ago
not exceeding ...; not more than ...; ... and under; ... and below; ... or fewer
on and after; from ... onward; since
since; henceforth
within; inside of; less than
after this; from now on; hereafter
with; by; by means of
reason; grounds
... and southward; in and to the south of ...
outrageous; preposterous; most improper; most unreasonable; inexcusable; unpardonable; out of the question
... and northward; in and to the north of ...
... and westward; in and to the west of ...
telepathy; tacit understanding; thought transference; communion of mind with mind
... and eastward; in and to the east of ...
beyond; further than
since then
with this (I) ...
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer