not less than; … and over; … or more
Attaches to a number or quantity to mean 'at least that amount' or 'that amount or more'. Antonym: 以下.
Antonyms: 以下
There were 100 or more participants.
This job requires three years or more of experience.
Used with nouns expressing expectations, imagination, ability, etc., to mean 'exceeding' or 'surpassing' that standard.
The scenery was more beautiful than I had imagined.
His performance was beyond expectations.
Follows a verb (often in た form) to mean 'since having done that' or 'now that the situation is such'. Functions like a conjunction.
Now that it has come to this, I have no choice but to do my best until the end.
Since I promised, I must keep my word.
Used at the end of a speech, explanation, or list to indicate that there is nothing more to add. Often used alone as a set phrase.
That's all for today's meeting.
That is the end of my report.
Those aged 18 or over should apply here.
This test was harder than I had expected.
Now that I've taken it on, I should see it through to the end.
As described above, I've summarized the content of the meeting.
That concludes today's report.
not exceeding; not more than; … and under; … or fewer · below (a standard, level, etc.); under; less than · the following; the below-mentioned; the rest · including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)
以内 means 'within or less than' a limit, while 以上 means 'at or above' that limit.
未満 means 'less than' a number (excluding it), while 以上 means 'that number or more' (including it), making them opposite ends of a range.
以上 includes the stated number itself ('18歳以上' means 18 and up), whereas 未満 strictly excludes it ('18歳未満' means under 18), so learners often mix up which side of the line each word falls on.
以上 means '... or more/above' a quantity, while 以降 marks a starting point in time; both share the 以 pattern but express different comparisons.