Formal expression indicating the means, method, or instrument used to accomplish something. Often used in official or written contexts.
See also: もって
We will contact you in writing.
because of; on account of; due to
Formal expression indicating reason or cause. Often used in announcements or explanations.
See also: もって
on (a day, date); at (a time); as of
Formal expression used to specify a point in time, especially in official notices or schedules. Often used with dates or deadlines.
See also: もって
Decide by majority vote.
The match was canceled due to rain.
Retire on account of old age.
We will close our business as of today.
Resign effective March 31st.
によって also expresses reason or means ('by; due to'), but をもって is more formal and often restricted to fixed, official expressions.
で is the everyday particle for means or cause, while をもって is a formal, written equivalent used in official or ceremonial language.
以て is the classical/literary base form used without the object marker を, while をもって is the standard modern formal expression.
をもって is another formal expression for means or an effective time, often in official notices, while にて is shorter and covers a broader range of formal uses.
Literary kanji form; may appear in formal or older texts.
Variant literary kanji form; less common than を以て.
Combination of the object marker を and the formal verb もって (持って), literally 'holding' or 'having', which developed into a formal case-marking expression.