beans, pea, midget
豆 centers on small, round, seed-like things: beans and peas. The 'midget' sense is a figurative extension of something tiny, like a bean.
豆 is a pictograph of a stemmed dish or ritual vessel. Over time, it was borrowed to represent beans and peas, likely due to the similar small, round shape.
The shape looks like a small round bean on a stem or a pod. Picture a single pea resting on its vine: 豆 is a bean.
For トウ, imagine a tiny bean growing into a tall beanstalk that reaches your toe: toe -> トウ, and the bean is the start of it all.
legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, e.g. beans, peas, pulses); bean; pea
tofu; bean curd; beancurd
natto (fermented soybeans)
soy milk
soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; soy
Izu (former province located on the Izu Peninsula in present-day Shizuoka Prefecture, and the Izu Islands)
adzuki bean (Vigna angularis)
edamame (green soybeans)
cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); cow pea; black-eyed pea; southern pea
black soybean
boiled tofu
pea (Pisum sativum)
candied bean slab
pulse (edible seeds of various leguminous crops); plant yielding pulse
broad bean (Vicia faba); horse bean; fava bean
miniature book
speck
amanatto; beans (e.g. adzuki, cowpea, fava) simmered in sugar syrup and coated with granulated sugar
peashooter
cooked beans