以外
Meanings
except for; excluding; other than
Used after a noun to exclude that person, thing, place, or category from the statement. Common patterns include X以外, X以外は, and X以外の.
No entry except for authorized personnel.
Everyone except him attended.
besides; apart from; in addition to
With particles such as にも, it often means that something exists or applies in addition to the named item, not that the named item is excluded.
Besides Japanese, I am also studying Korean.
outside; beyond the scope of; outside a boundary
Used for being outside a time, area, rule, range, plan, or other defined scope. It often attaches to nouns such as 時間, 範囲, 想定, or 対象.
Outside working hours, please contact me by email.
Questions will not be asked from outside the exam scope.
Usage patterns
- 〈物〉以外はexcept for X (everything else being different)
I eat everything except meat.
- 〈物〉以外にもbesides X, ... also
Besides vegetables, I also like fruit.
- 〈場所〉以外outside of a place
Please be quiet anywhere outside the classroom.
- 〈物〉以外の〈物〉things other than X
I can speak languages other than Japanese too.
- 〈時〉以外outside of a time or period
We can't answer the phone outside of business hours.
Expressions
- 以外の何者でもないnothing but; nothing more than; nothing less than