noun
school record; student transcript
A document summarizing a student's academic performance, behavior, and activities, often used for high school or university admissions in Japan. Similar to 調査書.
See also: 調査書
高校入試のために内申書が必要です。
A school record is required for the high school entrance exam.
内申書の内容は合否に大きく影響する。
The content of the school record greatly affects the admission decision.
noun
A broader, less common meaning referring to any confidential internal report, not limited to education.
会社は社員の内申書を人事部に提出した。
The company submitted confidential reports on employees to the HR department.
Compound of 内 (inside, internal) + 申 (report, state) + 書 (document). The exact historical derivation is uncertain, but the word refers to an internal report document.