winter pressure pattern; winter-type atmospheric pressure configuration
A meteorological term referring to the typical winter pressure pattern over Japan, with high pressure to the west and low pressure to the east, bringing cold air and snow to the Sea of Japan side.
When the winter pressure pattern intensifies, heavy snow often falls on the Sea of Japan side.
The winter pressure pattern will persist tomorrow, so it will be bitterly cold.
西高東低 is a more general term for a pressure pattern with high pressure to the west and low to the east, often used to describe the winter pattern but not limited to it. 冬型気圧配置 specifically refers to the winter manifestation of this pattern.
Compound of 冬型 (winter type) + 気圧配置 (atmospheric pressure pattern). A straightforward technical term.