criminal justice system
Refers to the entire institutional framework for handling crime, including police, courts, and corrections.
Japan's criminal justice system is distinctive compared to other countries.
Reform of the criminal justice system is being discussed.
司法制度 is the broader 'judicial system', while 刑事司法制度 specifically refers to the criminal justice aspect.
Compound of 刑事 (criminal) + 司法 (judicial administration) + 制度 (system).