Kanji 関 connection, barrier, gateway Related words に 関かか わらず A more general pattern meaning 'regardless of'. 如何に関わらず is a specific formal phrase using 如何 (いかん ) to mean 'how' or 'what', emphasizing the condition.
いかんにかかわらず The kana-only spelling of the same expression. Less formal and less common in official documents.
Written forms 如何いかん に 関かか わらず
Standard kanji spelling using 如何 . This is the most formal and common written form.
如何いかん にかかわらず
Variant with にかかわらず in kana. Slightly less formal but still common.
Etymology Combination of 如何 (いかん , 'how; what kind') + に + 関わらず (かかわらず , 'regardless of'). The kanji 如何 is a jukujikun reading for いかん .
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