抗こう生せい物ぶっ質しつ

抗こう菌きん薬やく
抗菌薬 is the broader term for any antimicrobial drug, whereas 抗生物質 specifically refers to substances naturally produced by microorganisms to kill or inhibit bacteria.
ペニシリン
抗生物質 is the general term for antibiotics, while ペニシリン names one specific antibiotic drug within that category.

Don't confuse with

抗こう酸さん化か物ぶっ質しつ
抗生物質 (antibiotic, kills bacteria) and 抗酸化物質 (antioxidant, neutralizes free radicals) share a similar kanji pattern but refer to completely different kinds of substances.
抗こう菌きん
抗生物質 is a specific drug (antibiotic) used to treat infections, while 抗菌 is a broader adjective describing anything that inhibits bacterial growth, including everyday products.
ステロイド
ステロイド (steroid, anti-inflammatory medication) is often confused with 抗生物質 (antibiotic), but the two treat completely different things—inflammation versus bacterial infection.

Counted with

錠じょう
lock; padlock · tablet; pill

Word family

抗こう生せい物ぶっ質しつ耐たい性せい
antibiotic resistance
複ふく合ごう抗こう生せい物ぶっ質しつ製せい剤ざい
mixed antibiotic preparations
セフェム系けい抗こう生せい物ぶっ質しつ
cephem antibiotic
カルバペネム系けい抗こう生せい物ぶっ質しつ
carbapenem antibiotic

Built from

抗こう生せい+物ぶっ質しつ

Etymology

Compound of 抗 (anti-), 生 (life), and 物質 (substance). The term is a calque from English 'antibiotic' or German 'Antibiotikum', reflecting the concept of a substance that acts against living organisms.