Specifically the pole used to carry a palanquin (駕籠) or a portable shrine (神輿) on the shoulders. Not a general carrying pole.
Carrying the portable shrine's pole at the festival is hard work.
Compound of 担ぎ (かつぎ, 'carrying on the shoulder', from 担ぐ) and 棒 (ぼう, 'pole').