積つむ

つ

む

Common wordJLPTN3Freq.FrequencyTop 5,000

積む · godan verb (-mu)

Form	Positive	Negative
Dictionary	積つむ	積つまない
Polite	積つみます	積つみません
Past polite	積つみました	積つみませんでした
Past	積つんだ	積つまなかった
Te-form	積つんで	積つまないで
Desire	積つみたい	積つみたくない
Potential	積つめる	積つめない
Passive	積つまれる	積つまれない
Causative	積つませる	積つませない
Causative passive	積つませられるalso 積つまされる	積つませられないalso 積つまされない
Volitional	積つもう
Polite volitional	積つみましょう
Imperative	積つめ	積つむな
Conditional	積つめば	積つまなければ
Tara conditional	積つんだら	積つまなかったら

Meanings

godan verb (-mu), transitive verb

pile up; stack

Used for physically stacking objects on top of each other, such as books, boxes, or stones.

机つくえの上うえに本ほんを積つむ。
I pile books on the desk.
彼かれはレンガをきれいに積つんだ。
He stacked the bricks neatly.

godan verb (-mu), transitive verb

load; pack

Used for loading cargo, luggage, or goods onto a vehicle, ship, or container.

トラックに荷に物もつを積つむ。
I load the truck with packages.
船ふねにコンテナを積つむ作さ業ぎょうが始はじまった。
The work of loading containers onto the ship began.

godan verb (-mu), transitive verb

accumulate; build up; gain

Used for accumulating experience, knowledge, training, or other intangible things over time.

彼かれは長なが年ねんの経けい験けんを積つんでいる。
He has accumulated many years of experience.
もっと練れん習しゅうを積つむ必ひつ要ようがある。
I need to build up more practice.

See all 434 example sentences ›

Usage patterns

〈物もの〉を積つむto stack/pile up objects
倉そう庫こに箱はこを積つんでおいた。
I stacked the boxes up in the warehouse.
〈物もの〉を〈場ば所しょ〉に積つむto load cargo onto a vehicle or ship
トラックに荷に物もつを積つんで出しゅっ発ぱつした。
We loaded the luggage onto the truck and set off.
訓くん練れんを積つむto build up training/practice over time
彼かれは長なが年ねん訓くん練れんを積つんできた。
He has built up years of training.
石いしを積つむto stack stones (e.g. to build a wall)
職しょく人にんたちが石いしを積つんで塀へいを作つくった。
The craftsmen stacked stones to build a wall.

Expressions

功く徳どくを積つむaccumulate merit; make merit
研けん鑽さんを積つむapply oneself to one's studies; devote oneself to study; pursue one's studies with dedication
経けい験けんを積つむgain experience; accumulate experience
練れん習しゅうを積つむaccumulate practice; put in practice; train extensively
キャリアを積つむbuild one's career; gain experience

Kanji

積volume, product (x*y), acreage

Related words· 7

重かさねるN3sense 1
重ねる emphasizes neatly layering things one on top of another, while 積む is broader and covers loading and abstract accumulation too.
貯ためるN3sense 3
貯める means to save up money or resources, whereas 積む for intangible things stresses gradual building through repeated effort, like experience or training.
蓄たくわえるN2sense 3
蓄える means to store up resources or knowledge for future use, while 積む focuses on the process of accumulating through repeated action.
積つみ重かさねる
積む is the general verb for loading or accumulating, while 積み重ねる specifically emphasizes stacking one thing on top of another, often deliberately and over time.

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積つみ込こむ
積む is the broader verb for piling, stacking, or accumulating things, while 積み込む specifically means loading cargo onto a vehicle or vessel for transport.
積せき載さい
積む is the everyday verb for piling or loading things, while 積載 is a formal noun/suru-verb used in technical contexts for loading cargo onto a vehicle.
盛もるN2
積む describes piling or stacking things neatly and deliberately, whereas 盛る can describe a more casual heaping or filling up, such as mounding sand or dishing out food.

Opposites

崩くずすN3sense 1
崩す means to knock down or collapse a stack, the reverse action of 積む when piling objects.
下おろすN4sense 2
降ろす means to unload cargo from a vehicle or ship, the opposite of 積む when it means to load.

Don't confuse with

詰つむ
詰む is a different verb pronounced the same way, meaning to be checkmated or stuck (as in shogi), unlike 積む which means to pile up or load.
摘つむN1
積む (つむ) is a same-sounding homophone meaning to pile up or load something, completely unrelated to 摘む (つむ)'s meaning of picking or snipping plants.
つまむN2
積む means to pile up or load things, and sounds similar to 摘む, but 摘む means to pinch or pick something up delicately with the fingers.

Word family· 47

積つみ重かさね
pile; stack; accumulation
積つみ上あげ
piling up; accumulation; stacking
山やま積づみN1
huge mound; heap; pile
積つみ荷に
load; freight; cargo
積つみ込こみ
loading (cargo, freight, etc.) · stacking the wall of tiles to one's advantage (mahjong)

Show 23 more

下した積づみ
putting beneath other goods; being at the bottom of the pile · lowly position; bottom of the ladder; obscurity
積つみ上あげる
pile up; heap up; stack; lay (bricks) · accumulate; build up; amass
積つみ重かさねる
pile up; accumulate; stack
積つみ木き
wooden building blocks; toy blocks · piled timber; stacked wood
石いし積づみ
masonry; stonework
上うわ積づみ
loading on top; upper load; deck cargo · adding on top; additional amount; increase
積つみ込こむ
load; put on board; stow aboard
積つみ重かさなる
pile up; accumulate; stack up
船ふな積づみ
shipment; loading onto a ship
積つみ降おろし
loading and unloading
積つみ替かえ
transshipment; reshipment
積つみ増まし
increase; augmentation
積つみ残のこし
left-off cargo; passengers left behind · rounding error; truncation error; remainder after truncation
中なか積づみ
loading in the middle; mid-loading
乱らん積づみ
random masonry; uneven stonework; disordered piling
室むろ積つみ
inn; lodging house
宵よい積づみ
evening loading; goods loaded in the afternoon for next-morning delivery
平ひら積づみ
stacking flat and face up
底そこ積づみ
bottom stowage; goods stowed at the bottom
積つみ方かた
way of piling; stacking method; stowage · piling worker; stacker
積つみ棒ぼう
100-point sticks deposited after dealer win
積つみ石いし
piled stones; stacked stones · foundation stone; cornerstone
積つみ肥ごえ
compost; manure

See all 47 in Explore →

Written forms

積つむUsage89%
Standard kanji spelling for all senses.
つむUsage11%

Etymology

The kanji 積 combines 禾 (grain) and 責 (responsibility/debt), originally suggesting the accumulation of grain as tax or wealth. The verb つむ is a native Japanese word meaning 'to pile up' or 'to accumulate'.