かかわらず

expression

in spite of; despite; although

Used in the pattern 〜にもかかわらず to mean 'in spite of ~' or 'despite ~'. Often follows a noun, na-adjective stem, or plain form of a verb/i-adjective. The にも is usually present but may be omitted in casual speech.

• 雨あめにもかかわらず、多おおくの人ひとが集あつまった。

  Despite the rain, many people gathered.

• 彼かれは若わかいにもかかわらず、とても落おち着ついている。

  Although he is young, he is very composed.

expression

regardless of; irrespective of

Used in the pattern 〜にかかわらず to mean 'regardless of ~' or 'without being affected by ~'. Often follows nouns indicating difference, such as 年齢, 性別, 天候, or contrasting pairs like 晴雨. The に is essential here.

• このイベントは年ねん齢れいにかかわらず参さん加かできます。

  This event is open to participants regardless of age.

• 天てん候こうにかかわらず、試し合あいは行おこなわれます。

  The match will be held irrespective of the weather.