を~とする・ を~としたwith A as B; taking A as B
A を B とする takes A as B. Before a noun it reads "with A as B": a delegation with Mr. Tanaka as its leader.
before a noun
A delegation with Mr. Tanaka as its leader set off this morning.
joining on
The construction work is going ahead with safety as the first priority.
ending a sentence
At this museum, admission is free for children of junior high school age and under.
How to form it
A を B とする
A and B are nouns. Ending a sentence, it lays down a rule, a plan or a definition: A is to be B.
Before a noun
A を B とする/とした + noun
"A noun with A as B". とする and とした mean the same here: this た is not the past.
Joining on
A を B として、…
"With A as B, …".
- A and B
- B is the role A is given: 目的 (purpose), 対象 (target), 中心 (center), 条件 (condition), 団長 (leader).
- Where you'll meet it
- Newspapers, reports, rules, contracts, exam questions; formal speeches too.
The ones you'll read most
を目的としたaimed at; for the purpose of
The city has launched a program aimed at helping young people find work.
を対象としたfor; aimed at (a group)
A cooking class for elementary school children was held.
をテーマとしたon the theme of
The editors put together a special feature on regional food cultures.
Before a noun, とする is as common as とした: を目的とする事業.
Reading a long one
Between を and とする is B, the role. The noun phrase that ends at を is A, however long. The noun after とする, if there is one, is what it all describes.
The city carried out a survey of people aged 65 and over who live alone.
B: 対象, the target. A: people of 65 and over who live alone. Both describe 調査.
Under these rules, a majority of the members must be present for a meeting to be valid.
A: a majority attending. B: the condition for a valid meeting.
In conversation: を~にする
We'll make this room the office.
How people say it.
This room shall be the office.
The same decision, written into a document.
In speech it mostly has に in place of と: people say を目的にした, を対象にした.
Close neighbours
としてN3
With no を, the role someone acts in themselves: 団長として行く, to go as leader.
Mr. Tanaka attended the meeting as an interpreter.
を中心にN2
A set phrase built the same way: を中心とした, "centered on".
The plan is to expand local services, with childcare support at the center.
をはじめとするN2
Another set phrase built the same way: "… and others".
Sales of this product have begun in Japan and other Asian countries.
Check yourself
1What does this say?
外国人観光客を
Choose an answer to see why.
2Which one fits?
これは
Choose an answer to see why.
More sentences
In this survey, anyone who exercises three or more times a week counts as "a person with an exercise habit".
This plan takes halving carbon dioxide emissions as its final goal.
The research team took public high schools across the country as the subject of its study.
Ending a sentence, とした is the past.
Taking a dollar as 150 yen, it comes to about 30,000 yen.