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Kotomora
JLPT N2Written, formal

を~とする・を~としたwith A as B; taking A as B

A を B とする takes A as B. Before a noun it reads "with A as B": a delegation with Mr. Tanaka as its leader.

How to form it

A を B とする

A and B are nouns. Ending a sentence, it lays down a rule, a plan or a definition: A is to be B.

Before a noun

A を B とする/とした + noun

"A noun with A as B". とする and とした mean the same here: this た is not the past.

Joining on

A を B として、…

"With A as B, …".

A and B
B is the role A is given: 目もく的てき (purpose), 対たい象しょう (target), 中ちゅう心しん (center), 条じょう件けん (condition), 団だん長ちょう (leader).
Where you'll meet it
Newspapers, reports, rules, contracts, exam questions; formal speeches too.

The ones you'll read most

Before a noun, とする is as common as とした: を目もく的てきとする事じ業ぎょう.

Reading a long one

Between を and とする is B, the role. The noun phrase that ends at を is A, however long. The noun after とする, if there is one, is what it all describes.

The city carried out a survey of people aged 65 and over who live alone.

B: 対たい象しょう, the target. A: people of 65 and over who live alone. Both describe 調ちょう査さ.

Under these rules, a majority of the members must be present for a meeting to be valid.

A: a majority attending. B: the condition for a valid meeting.

In conversation: を~にする

In speech it mostly has に in place of と: people say を目もく的てきにした, を対たい象しょうにした.

Close neighbours

としてN3

With no を, the role someone acts in themselves: 団だん長ちょうとして行いく, to go as leader.

を中心にN2

A set phrase built the same way: を中ちゅう心しんとした, "centered on".

Check yourself

1What does this say?

外がい国こく人じん観かん光こう客きゃくを対たい象しょうとした調ちょう査さが行おこなわれた。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

これは環かん境きょう問もん題だいをテーマ(  )映えい画がです。

Choose an answer to see why.

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