JLPT N2Written, formalSpeeches

はもとよりA, of course, and B too

A はもとより、B も says A goes without saying, and B too. It is はもちろん for formal writing and speeches: もとより is a bookish "of course".

本ほん規き則そくは正せい社しゃ員いんはもとより、契けい約やく社しゃ員いんにも適てき用ようされる。

These rules apply to permanent employees, of course, and to contract employees as well.

How to form it

Noun + はもとより、 noun + も

The は is the particle, said "wa". B usually takes も, after any particle it needs: 海かい外がいでも, 契けい約やく社しゃ員いんにも.

Before it: The obvious one: what you'd expect anyway.
After it: The extra one, with も. It is the news.
Where you'll meet it: Rules, reports, company and government announcements, formal speeches. Hardly ever in conversation.

In use

同どう社しゃの製せい品ひんは、国こく内ないはもとより、海かい外がいでも高たかく評ひょう価かされている。

The company's products are highly regarded at home, of course, and overseas as well.

社しゃ員いんの皆みなさんはもとより、ご家か族ぞくの方かた々がたにも心こころから感かん謝しゃしております。

I am deeply grateful to all of you on the staff, of course, and to your families as well.

本ほん施し設せつでは、館かん内ないはもとより、屋おく外がいの敷しき地ち内ないでも喫きつ煙えんは認みとめられていない。

At this facility smoking is not permitted inside the building, of course, or anywhere on the grounds outside.

With a negative, A is the one that is obviously out.

In conversation it sounds like a speech

Talking with friends, people say はもちろん.

Sounds odd: この店みせ、ラーメンはもとより、ギョーザもおいしいよ。

The ramen here is good, of course, and so are the gyoza.

To a friend: ラーメンはもちろん、ギョーザもおいしいよ.

Close neighbours

はもちろんN3

The same, in everyday speech and writing.

田た中なかさんは英えい語ごはもちろん、中ちゅう国ごく語ごも話はなせます。

Tanaka can speak English, of course, and Chinese as well.

のみならずN2

The だけでなく of formal writing: reports, papers, prepared speeches.

本ほん製せい品ひんは国こく内ないのみならず、海かい外がいでも高たかい評ひょう価かを得えている。

This product is highly regarded not only at home but also overseas.

ばかりかN2

"Not only A but even B": B is more surprising or more extreme, good or bad. No request can follow.

彼かれは英えい語ごばかりか、中ちゅう国ごく語ごまで話はなせる。

He can speak not only English but even Chinese.

に加くわえてN2

"In addition to", after a noun. It simply adds one thing to another.

大おお雨あめに加くわえて、風かぜも強つよくなってきた。

In addition to the heavy rain, the wind has been picking up too.

Check yourself

1What does this tell you?

この体たい育いく館かんは、市し民みんはもとより、市し外がいの人ひとも利り用ようできる。

Choose an answer to see why.

2You are chatting with a friend about a film. Which one fits?

この映えい画が、子こども（　　）、大人おとなも楽たのしめるよ。

Choose an answer to see why.

More sentences

災さい害がい時じには、飲いん料りょう水すいはもとより、通つう信しん手しゅ段だんも確かく保ほしなければならない。

In a disaster, drinking water has to be secured, of course, and so does a means of communication.

新あたらしい安あん全ぜん基き準じゅんは、製せい造ぞう部ぶ門もんはもとより、物ぶつ流りゅう部ぶ門もんにも適てき用ようされる。

The new safety standards apply to the manufacturing division, of course, and to the logistics division as well.

このデータベースは、研けん究きゅう者しゃはもとより、一いっ般ぱんの利り用よう者しゃにも公こう開かいされている。

This database is open to researchers, of course, and to the general public as well.

Compared with similar forms

Ways to say "not only"