Translation guide
A guide to expressing 'thus' in Japanese, covering result/consequence, manner, degree, and formal written usage.
Expressing that something happens as a result of what was just stated, similar to 'therefore' or 'so'.
A common conjunction meaning 'therefore' or 'consequently'. Used in both spoken and written Japanese, but slightly formal.
It rained. Thus, the game was canceled.
Casual 'so' or 'therefore'. Very common in everyday conversation.
He lied. Thus, I'm angry.
Literally 'as a result'. More formal and often used in reports or news.
Demand increased. Thus, prices rose.
Formal/literary 'therefore'. Used in academic writing, speeches, or proverbs.
I think, therefore I am. (Thus, I exist.)
Describing the way something is done, similar to 'in this way' or 'like this'.
Means 'in this way' or 'like this'. Can refer to a method just described or about to be demonstrated.
Thus, we solved the problem.
Casual 'in this way'. Often used in narratives to describe a sequence of actions.
Formal/literary 'thus' or 'in this way'. Used in historical or dramatic storytelling.
Expressing degree or extent, as in 'thus far' or 'so much'.
Means 'this much' or 'to this extent'. Often used with adjectives to emphasize degree.
I have never seen such a beautiful view. (Thus beautiful...)
Literally 'up to here', used for extent or progress, as in 'thus far'.
We've come this far, so it's okay. (Thus far...)
Used in formal documents or academic writing to mean 'accordingly' or 'in this way'.
だから is casual and common in speech. したがって is more formal and logical, suitable for presentations or essays. In very formal writing, したがって (often in kanji) or よって may be preferred.
He's a student. Thus, he has no money. (casual)
This data is insufficient. Thus, we cannot draw a conclusion. (formal)
English 'thus' is often replaced by simpler words like 'so' in Japanese. Using ゆえに or かくして in everyday speech sounds overly dramatic or archaic. Stick to だから or このように for most situations.
こうして、彼は成功した。
Thus, he succeeded.
かくして、戦いは終わった。
Thus, the battle ended.
証拠不十分。従って、無罪とする。
Insufficient evidence. Thus, not guilty.