overdo, exceed, go beyond, error
過 centers on going past a limit: exceeding, overdoing, or passing beyond what is normal, which naturally leads to mistakes or errors.
to pass through; to pass by; to go beyond
the past; bygone days
to spend (time); to pass; to lead (a life); to live
passage (of time); elapsing; lapse
passing through (a tunnel, station, town, etc.); passing by (e.g. of a typhoon); transit
process; course; mechanism
extreme (measure, idea, etc.); radical; violent (language)
excess; surplus; superabundance; overabundance
excessive; immoderate
severe; harsh; hard; cruel; rigorous
fault; error; indiscretion; faux pas
accident (caused by negligence); error; blunder
underpopulation; low population density; depopulation
majority
overwork; strain
excess; surplus; exceeding (a limit, estimate, etc.); going over
exaggeration; overstatement; saying too much
going too far; going to extremes
excessive; too much; unreasonable
nervousness; oversensitivity
passing (e.g. of a typhoon); going past
excess; surplus; superabundance
just past noon; afternoon
overheating; excessive heating
過 combines 辶 (movement) with 咼, which likely contributes the sound and the idea of passing or going beyond. The exact origin of 咼 is uncertain, but the overall structure suggests moving past a point.
The movement radical 辶 wraps around 咼, like a path that goes too far. Picture a road that overshoots its destination, leading to an error.
For カ, imagine a car speeding past the limit: car -> カ, and the car overdoes it, going beyond the safe speed.