刻
engrave, cut fine, chop, hash, mince, time, carving
Readings
On'yomi
- コク
Kun'yomi
- きざ.む
- きざ.み
Meaning
刻 centers on cutting or marking with precision: engraving, carving, chopping, or mincing. The time sense comes from the idea of marking time in fine increments, like notches on a sundial.
Most common words using 刻
20 of 165- 深刻しんこくN3
serious; severe; grave; acute
- 時刻じこくN3
time; (the) hour
- 遅刻ちこくN4
lateness; tardiness; arriving late
- 刻むきざむN3
to mince; to cut fine; to chop up; to hash; to shred
- 復刻ふっこく
republication; reissue; reprinting; reproduction
- 彫刻ちょうこくN2
carving; engraving; sculpture
- 刻こく
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac)
- 刻印こくいん
engraving a seal; engraved seal; inscribed seal
- 一刻いっこく
a moment; a minute; an instant
- 刻みきざみ
mincing; cutting; chopping; notch; nick
- 即刻そっこくN1
immediately; at once; instantly
- 刻々こっこく
moment by moment; hour by hour
- 夕刻ゆうこく
evening; evening hour
- 定刻ていこく
appointed time; timetable; schedule
- 小刻みこきざみ
mincing; chopping finely
- 切り刻むきりきざむ
to hew; to chop up; to mangle; to mince
- 篆刻てんこく
seal engraving
- 刻子コーツ
pung; three-of-a-kind
- 先刻せんこく
a short while ago; just now
- 翻刻ほんこく
reprinting (of a book)
Study
Etymology
刻 combines 亥 (a pictograph of a pig or boar, here used phonetically for 'koku') with 刂 (knife), suggesting cutting or carving with a blade. The time meaning likely developed from the idea of marking or notching time intervals.
Meaning mnemonic
A knife 刂 cutting into a pig 亥: imagine carving fine lines into meat, chopping it into pieces, or engraving a mark. This precision cutting also reminds you of marking time in small slices.
Reading mnemonic
For コク, picture a cook engraving a design on a roast: cook -> コク, and the cook uses a knife to carve fine details.