塗
paint, plaster, daub, smear, coating
Readings
On'yomi
- ト
Kun'yomi
- ぬ.る
- ぬ.り
- まみ.れる
Meaning
塗 centers on applying a substance to cover a surface: painting, plastering, daubing, smearing, or coating. The meanings all share the idea of spreading something over an area.
Most common words using 塗
20 of 109- 塗るぬるN4
to paint; to spread; to plaster; to apply (cream, lotion); to smear; to lacquer; to varnish; to put up (wallpaper)
- 塗りぬり
coating (esp. lacquering)
- 塗装とそうN1
coating; painting
- 塗れるまみれる
to be smeared; to be covered
- 塗料とりょう
paint; coating; varnish
- 塗みどろ
covered with; stained; smeared
- 塗布とふ
application (of ointment, etc.)
- 塗り絵ぬりえ
picture for coloring in (colouring)
- 塗り替えるぬりかえる
to repaint; to paint again; to paint (a different colour)
- 上塗りうわぬり
final coat (of paint, plaster, varnish, etc.); finish; glazing
- 塗りつぶしぬりつぶし
blotting out
- 血塗るちぬる
to smear with blood; to kill
- 下塗りしたぬり
undercoat; first coating
- 塗り薬ぬりぐすり
medical cream; ointment; salve; liniment
- 塗りつぶすぬりつぶす
to paint over; to paint out; to fill in; to cover completely (with paint)
- 塗すまぶす
to cover (with); to smear; to sprinkle
- 糊塗こと
patching up (e.g. a failure); covering up (e.g. a mistake); glossing over
- 漆塗りうるしぬり
lacquering; lacquer ware
- 黒塗りくろぬり
blackened; black-painted; black-lacquered; blacked out
- 顔に泥を塗るかおにどろをぬるN1
to bring disgrace (dishonor, dishonour) on; to fling mud at; to put to shame
Study
Etymology
塗 combines 涂 (which historically relates to a path or waterway) with 土 (earth), suggesting the act of applying mud or plaster to a surface. The modern meaning extends to painting and coating.
Meaning mnemonic
The top 涂 looks like a brush or tool spreading something, and the bottom 土 is earth or clay. Imagine using a brush to spread wet clay over a wall: that's painting or plastering.
Reading mnemonic
For ト, picture a toe (ト) dipped in paint, smearing color across the floor. The toe sound cues ト while the action matches the coating meaning.