登る
登る · godan verb (-ru)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 登る | 登らない |
| Polite | 登ります | 登りません |
| Past polite | 登りました | 登りませんでした |
| Past | 登った | 登らなかった |
| Te-form | 登って | 登らないで |
| Desire | 登りたい | 登りたくない |
| Potential | 登れる | 登れない |
| Passive | 登られる | 登られない |
| Causative | 登らせる | 登らせない |
| Causative passive | 登らせられるalso 登らされる | 登らせられないalso 登らされない |
| Volitional | 登ろう | |
| Polite volitional | 登りましょう | |
| Imperative | 登れ | 登るな |
| Conditional | 登れば | 登らなければ |
| Tara conditional | 登ったら | 登らなかったら |
Meanings
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
Only when written 上る / 登る
Physical upward movement by a person, animal, or vehicle. 登る often emphasizes climbing; 上る can be used more broadly for going up a road, slope, or stairs.
I climbed a mountain with friends over the weekend.
If you go up this slope, you can see a shrine on the right.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
rise; ascend naturally
Only when written 上る / 昇る
Used of natural upward movement or appearance, such as the sun, moon, smoke, or steam. 昇る is especially common for the sun and moon; 上る is also used for smoke or steam.
The morning sun rises in the eastern sky.
Steam is rising from the pot.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
go to the capital
Only when written 上る
Old-fashioned or literary use for going up to the capital or a central city. Modern ordinary Japanese usually says 上京する for going to Tokyo.
In the past, many young people went to the capital in search of work.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
rise in rank; be promoted
Only when written 昇る
Formal or somewhat literary use for rising to a higher rank, office, or status. In everyday speech, 昇進する is often the more direct word for being promoted.
He rose to the rank of minister at a young age.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
amount to; add up to; reach a figure
Only when written 上る
Used when a total, amount, number, or damage reaches a stated level. The pattern is often 数量・金額に上る.
The damage is estimated to amount to 100 million yen.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
rise in price; advance
Only when written 上る
Used of prices or values rising to a higher level. 上がる is also very common in modern Japanese, but 上る can emphasize reaching or climbing to a certain level.
Crude oil prices at one point rose to a record-high level.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
go upstream; swim up; sail up
Only when written 上る
Used for moving upstream along a river or current. The route or river is commonly marked with を, as in 川を上る.
In autumn, salmon swim up the river.
The boat slowly sailed up the river.
godan verb (-ru), intransitive verb
come up for discussion; be brought up
Only when written 上る
Used for a matter appearing on an agenda, list, or table for consideration. Common in the pattern 議題に上る.
That proposal is scheduled to come up on the agenda at next week's meeting.
Usage patterns
- 〈場所〉に登るto climb up onto/into a place (e.g. a tree)
The children are playing by climbing up in the tree.
- 〈物〉が上るfor smoke or steam to rise
Smoke rises into the sky from the factory chimney.
- 〈数〉に上るfor a total or amount to reach a stated figure
The damage this time amounted to 100 million yen.
- 議題に上るfor a matter to come up for discussion on an agenda
That issue is scheduled to come up for discussion at the next meeting.
- 〈場所〉を上るto go upstream along a river
We headed upstream by boat toward the village further up the river.
- 〈地位〉に上るto rise to a certain rank or position
He rose to the position of company president while still young.
Expressions· 7
- 口に上るbecome the subject of talk; be on people's lips
- 噂に上るbe gossiped about; become the subject of rumors
- 征途に上るstart a journey; set out on an expedition
- 階段を上るgo up the stairs; climb the stairs
- 魚氷に上るthird climate of spring (when ice breaks and fish appear near the surface)
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- 頭に血が上るlose one's cool; get angry; blow one's top
- 馬鹿と煙は高い所へ上るfools fall easily for flattery; fools and smoke rise to great heights