Polite expression used to apologize, get someone's attention, or when interrupting. Very common in daily conversation.
すみません、駅はどこですか。
Excuse me, where is the station?
I'm sorry for being late.
thank you; you shouldn't have
Used to express gratitude, often when receiving a gift or favor, with a nuance of apology for the trouble caused. Equivalent to 'thank you' or 'you shouldn't have'.
Thank you for coming all this way.
Thank you for the souvenir; you shouldn't have.
もしもし is a casual, friendly way to call out to someone (sense 2), while すみません is more polite and works in almost any situation, including asking a stranger for attention.
すみません is more polite and versatile than ごめん, working for apologies, getting attention, and even thanks, while ごめん stays casual and apology-focused.
すみません is a casual, general-purpose apology or thanks, whereas 悪しからず is a formal set phrase used specifically to soften bad news or a refusal.
すみません is a casual, everyday apology or thanks; 恐れ入る is far more formal and humble, typically used in business or polite speech.
すみません is a casual to polite everyday apology, while 申し訳 is more formal and typically used in business or serious situations.
すみません is the standard polite way to call out to a stranger, while もし is an older interjection that has largely been replaced by it in everyday speech.