excess fare; additional fare for going past one's stop
Used in public transportation contexts when a passenger travels beyond the paid-for zone and must pay the difference.
I paid the excess fare at the fare adjustment machine.
I paid the excess fare and went through the ticket gate.
If you go past this section, an excess fare will be charged.
I settled the excess fare at the station window.
精算 is the general term for settling or adjusting a fare, while 乗り越し料金 specifically means the extra amount owed for riding past one's paid destination.
追加料金 is a general term for any extra charge added to a base price, whereas 乗り越し料金 refers specifically to the extra train or bus fare for exceeding one's ticketed distance.
差額 just means the difference in price between two amounts, while 乗り越し料金 is the specific fare difference owed for overshooting a train stop.
乗り越し refers to the act of riding past one's destination, while 乗り越し料金 is the fee you must pay because of that act.
Compound of 乗り越し (のりこし, 'riding past') + 料金 (りょうきん, 'fare').