冴える · ichidan verb
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 冴える | 冴えない |
| Polite | 冴えます | 冴えません |
| Past polite | 冴えました | 冴えませんでした |
| Past | 冴えた | 冴えなかった |
| Te-form | 冴えて | 冴えないで |
| Desire | 冴えたい | 冴えたくない |
| Potential | 冴えられるalso 冴えれる | 冴えられないalso 冴えれない |
| Passive | 冴えられる | 冴えられない |
| Causative | 冴えさせる | 冴えさせない |
| Causative passive | 冴えさせられる | 冴えさせられない |
| Volitional | 冴えよう | |
| Polite volitional | 冴えましょう | |
| Imperative | 冴えろ | 冴えるな |
| Conditional | 冴えれば | 冴えなければ |
| Tara conditional | 冴えたら | 冴えなかったら |
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
Describes sensory clarity: sharp sight, clear sound, vivid color, crisp air, etc.
空気が冴えていて、遠くの山がよく見える。
The air is clear, and I can see the distant mountains well.
彼女の声はとても冴えていて、会場中に響いた。
Her voice was very clear and resonated throughout the hall.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
Refers to mental sharpness, being wide awake, or having one's wits about them.
朝のコーヒーで頭が冴えてきた。
My head cleared up with the morning coffee.
彼は徹夜明けなのに、意外と冴えている。
Even though he pulled an all-nighter, he's surprisingly alert.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
Often used in the negative form 冴えない to mean 'gloomy', 'dull', or 'unsatisfying'. The positive form is less common but can describe a perky or cheerful state.
今日はなんだか冴えない気分だ。
I feel kind of down today.
彼の冗談は冴えなくて、誰も笑わなかった。
His joke fell flat and nobody laughed.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
excel at; master; execute cleanly
Used for skills, performances, or techniques that are sharp and well-executed.
彼のピアノの演奏は本当に冴えている。
His piano performance is truly brilliant.
今日はバッティングが冴えていて、ホームランを三本打った。
My batting was on fire today; I hit three home runs.
ichidan verb, intransitive verb
become frigid; become intensely cold
Original meaning; now somewhat old-fashioned. Refers to the cold becoming sharp and piercing.
冬の夜、空気が冴え渡る。
On a winter night, the air becomes piercingly cold.
After drinking coffee, my mind became sharp and alert.
His cooking skill is truly masterful.
A crisp, clear blue sky stretched out overhead.
冴える means to be sharp, clear, or brilliant (in mind, skill, or appearance), the direct opposite of the dullness expressed by 冴えない.
冴える alone means 'to be clear, sharp, or skilled,' while 目が冴える is a fixed idiom specifically describing being too alert to sleep.
clear gradually; get cold gradually
shine clearly; shine brilliantly