godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
Broad use for physical containment, inclusion in a set, or having something as a component or feature.
このジュースはビタミンCを多く含んでいる。
This juice contains a lot of vitamin C.
料金には消費税
The price includes consumption tax.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
hold in the mouth
Specifically for keeping something inside the mouth, often without swallowing. Common in the phrase 口に含む.
See also: 口に含む
彼は水を口に含んで、しばらくうがいをした。
He held water in his mouth and gargled for a while.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
harbor; bear in mind; hold (a feeling)
Used for holding emotions, doubts, or grudges internally. Often with nouns like 恨み, 不満, 疑問.
彼は私に恨みを含んでいるようだ。
He seems to harbor a grudge against me.
その説明には疑問を含む点がいくつかある。
There are several points in that explanation that raise doubts.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
express; imply; convey (emotion)
Describes words, expressions, or tones that carry a certain feeling or implication. Often used with 感情, 意味, ニュアンス.
彼の言葉は深い愛情を含んでいた。
His words conveyed deep affection.
この表現は皮肉を含んでいる。
This expression implies sarcasm.