ichidan verb, transitive verb
include; count in; make part of a scope
Used when deliberately counting or treating something as part of a group, total, price, plan, condition, or scope.
参加者の数にスタッフも含めてください。
Please include the staff in the number of participants.
この料金には税金が含
Taxes are included in this fee.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
instruct; make someone understand; explain firmly
Somewhat formal or old-fashioned as a standalone verb in this sense; often means to explain or warn so that the listener understands and follows it. The compound 言い含める is more common in everyday wording.
子どもには危険な場所に近づかないようによく含めておいた。
I made sure the child understood not to go near dangerous places.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
include a nuance; put in an implication; imply
Used for intentionally putting a tone, implication, criticism, irony, or other unstated meaning into words, a reply, an expression, or a work.
彼女は返事に少し皮肉を含めた。
She put a little irony into her reply.
その発言には、強い批判の意味が含められていた。
A strong critical meaning had been included in that remark.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
put in the mouth; hold in the mouth
Concrete physical use with 口に, referring to putting something such as water, medicine, or food into the mouth; 含む and 含ませる often overlap depending on the exact construction.
彼は水を一口、口に含めた。
He took a mouthful of water into his mouth.
ichidan verb, transitive verb
let flavor soak in; infuse with flavor
Cooking use, especially with simmered dishes: causing ingredients to absorb seasoning or broth so that the flavor penetrates.
火を止めてしばらく置き、大根に味を含める。
Turn off the heat and let it sit for a while so the daikon absorbs the flavor.