Common word› JLPT N1 › Freq. Frequency Top 5,000 Conjugation 自主する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
Form Positive Negative Dictionary 自じ 主しゅ する 自じ 主しゅ しない Polite 自じ 主しゅ します 自じ 主しゅ しません Past polite 自じ 主しゅ しました 自じ 主しゅ しませんでした Past 自じ 主しゅ した 自じ 主しゅ しなかった Te-form 自じ 主しゅ して 自じ 主しゅ しないで Desire 自じ 主しゅ したい 自じ 主しゅ したくない Potential 自じ 主しゅ できる 自じ 主しゅ できない Passive 自じ 主しゅ される 自じ 主しゅ されない Causative 自じ 主しゅ させる 自じ 主しゅ させない Causative passive 自じ 主しゅ させられる 自じ 主しゅ させられない Volitional 自じ 主しゅ しよう Polite volitional 自じ 主しゅ しましょう Imperative 自じ 主しゅ しろ 自じ 主しゅ するな Conditional 自じ 主しゅ すれば 自じ 主しゅ しなければ Tara conditional 自じ 主しゅ したら 自じ 主しゅ しなかったら
Usage patterns 〈 人ひと 〉 の 自じ 主しゅ 性せい を 尊そん 重ちょう する to respect someone's autonomy/initiative
The teacher respects the students' initiative when guiding them.
〈 事こと 〉 を 自じ 主しゅ 的てき に 行おこな う to do something on one's own initiative, voluntarily
The company is voluntarily carrying out environmental measures.
自じ 主しゅ 性せい がない to lack initiative/independence
He lacks initiative and always waits for others' instructions.
Related words· 7 自立 emphasizes becoming independent or self-supporting, especially financially or emotionally, while 自主 emphasizes acting or deciding on one's own initiative.
独立 usually means formal separation or independence from another entity such as a country or organization, whereas 自主 can describe internal autonomy without full separation.
自主性 names the personal trait or quality of being self-directed, while 自主 is the broader abstract noun for autonomy or independent initiative itself.
自主 stresses acting independently without relying on others' direction, while 自発 stresses acting spontaneously without any external prompting.
Show 3 more Show fewer 自主 stresses acting on one's own initiative without being told, while 自律 stresses governing oneself according to internal rules or discipline.
自治 refers to a formal system or power of self-government, while 自主 describes acting independently or voluntarily without being told, often about attitude rather than institutional structure.
独自 emphasizes the uniqueness or self-derived nature of an action, while 自主 emphasizes acting on one's own initiative without being told.
Don't confuse with 自主 means acting on one's own initiative or independence in general, while 自習 specifically means studying by oneself, so the two are easily confused despite sounding similar.
自首 (turning oneself in to police) and 自主 (じしゅ , meaning independence/autonomy) share the exact same reading but have completely unrelated meanings.
Word family· 23 independent training; self-directed practice
independent; autonomous; voluntary; self-initiated
autonomy; independence; self-direction
autonomy; right to self-determination
voluntary practice; self-directed training
Show 6 more Show fewer cutting class; skipping lectures
independent production; self-produced
voluntary recall
voluntary liquidation; voluntary closure of business
independent guideline; voluntary guideline
independent way of life; self-reliant living
See all 23 in Explore →
Etymology Sino-Japanese compound written with 自 , 'self,' and 主 , 'master' or 'principal.' The spelling transparently points to the idea of being one's own master or acting by one's own initiative.
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