JLPT N2Spoken and writtenTwo uses

さらにfurthermore; even more

さらに goes one step further. Opening a sentence, it adds a further point: "furthermore". Before an adjective or a verb, it adds a further degree: "even more".

furthermore

新あたらしい案あんでは電でん力りょくの使し用よう量りょうを減へらせる。さらに、保ほ守しゅの費ひ用ようも抑おさえられる。

The new proposal can reduce electricity use. Furthermore, maintenance costs can be kept down too.

even more

改かい良りょう後ごは画が面めんがさらに明あかるくなった。

After the improvement, the screen became even brighter.

Furthermore

Sentence。さらに、+ a further point

It usually opens the new sentence, with a comma after it. The new point often has も.

Even more

さらに + adjective／verb／amount

Straight before the word it goes with. Also written 更さらに.

Furthermore: a further point

It adds the next item or the next step, and puts no feeling into it. You meet it in reports, news, presentations and explanations.

この商しょう品ひんは一いち万まん円えんです。さらに、送そう料りょうが千せん円えんかかります。

This item is 10,000 yen. In addition, shipping costs 1,000 yen.

会かい議ぎでは予よ算さん案あんを検けん討とうした。さらに、実じっ施し時じ期きについても話はなし合あった。

At the meeting we went over the draft budget. We went on to discuss the timing as well.

Even more: a further degree

Something was already so, and it goes a step beyond.

気き温おんは朝あさから上あがり、正しょう午ご前まえにはさらに高たかくなった。

The temperature rose from the morning, and before noon it was higher still.

薬くすりを飲のんだのに、症しょう状じょうはさらに悪わるくなった。

I took the medicine, but my symptoms got even worse.

弱よわ火びでさらに五ご分ふん煮にます。

Simmer over a low heat for another five minutes.

With an amount: "another", "a further".

People say this さらに too, but the plain everyday word for "more" is もっと.

もっとゆっくり話はなしてください。

Please speak more slowly.

さらに, その上うえ or しかも?

それに, その上うえ and しかも add a point that counts for or against something. さらに only says that there is more, so it is the one a report uses.

今こん年ねん度どは売うり上あげが減げん少しょうした。さらに、原げん材ざい料りょう費ひも上じょう昇しょうした。

Sales fell this fiscal year. In addition, raw material costs rose.

A company report: the next fact, with no comment on it.

それにN4

The everyday word for adding a point.

この店みせは安やすい。それに、おいしい。

This place is cheap. And the food is good, too.

その上うえN3

The same as それに, a step stiffer, and more at home in writing.

この店みせは安やすい。その上うえ、おいしい。

This place is cheap. On top of that, the food is good.

しかもN2

"What's more": a new point that makes the first more striking, good or bad. Spoken and written.

この店みせは安やすい。しかも、おいしい。

This place is cheap. What's more, the food is good.

Close neighbours

またN4

Also neutral, also for reports. また sets a second point beside the first; さらに goes a step beyond it. Most sentences take either.

この講こう座ざでは会かい話わを練れん習しゅうする。また、短みじかい作さく文ぶんにも取とり組くむ。

In this course, students practice conversation. They also work on short compositions.

なおさらN2

"All the more": a reason or a case makes it more so. さらに needs none.

楽たのしみにしていたから、なおさら残ざん念ねんだ。

I had been looking forward to it, so it's all the more disappointing.

Check yourself

1What does this mean?

駅えき前まえの道みちは工こう事じでさらに狭せまくなった。

Choose an answer to see why.

2Which one fits?

この計けい画かくなら資し材ざいの無む駄だを減へらせる。（　　）、完かん成せいまでの時じ間かんも短みじかくできる。

Choose an answer to see why.

More sentences

このサービスは予よ約やくが簡かん単たんだ。さらに、変へん更こうの手て数すう料りょうもかからない。

This service is easy to book. In addition, there is no fee for changes.

来らい年ねん度どは海かい外がいでの販はん売ばいを始はじめる。さらに、現げん地ちの会かい社しゃとの共きょう同どう開かい発はつも進すすめる予よ定ていだ。

Next fiscal year we will start selling overseas. We also plan to go ahead with joint development with local companies.

試し作さく品ひんの安あん全ぜん性せいを確かく認にんした。次つぎに耐たい久きゅう試し験けんを行おこない、さらに実じっ際さいの使し用よう環かん境きょうでも検けん証しょうする。

We have confirmed that the prototype is safe. Next we will run durability tests, and then go on to check it under real conditions of use.

After 次つぎに, it brings in the third step.

新あたらしい装そう置ちを使つかうと、測そく定てい結けっ果かがさらに正せい確かくになる。

With the new equipment, the measurements become even more accurate.

Compared with similar forms

"And", "also", "what's more": joining sentences