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Kotomora

控

withdraw, draw in, hold back, refrain from, be moderate

JLPTN1StatusJōyō · secondary schoolFrequencyTop 1,000Strokes11

Readings

On'yomi

  • コウ

Kun'yomi

  • ひか.える
  • ひか.え

Meaning

控 centers on pulling back or restraining: withdrawing, holding back, refraining, or being moderate. The idea is to keep something in check rather than letting it go freely.

Most common words using 控

20 of 54
  • 控えるひかえる
    N2

    to be temperate in; to refrain; to abstain; to hold back; to restrain oneself from excessive ...

  • 控えめひかえめ

    moderate; reserved; modest; temperate; restrained; low-key; conservative (estimate); self-effacing; unassuming

  • 控除こうじょ
    N1

    subtraction; deduction (e.g. of tax)

  • 控訴こうそ
    N1

    appeal to a higher court; intermediate appeal

  • 控えひかえ

    reserve; spare; backup

  • 控え室ひかえしつ
    N1

    waiting room; anteroom; antechamber; green room

  • 差し控えるさしひかえる

    to be moderate in; to be temperate in; to not do too much of

  • 買い控えかいびかえ

    restrained buying

  • 手控えてびかえ

    note; memorandum

  • 基礎控除きそこうじょ

    basic or standard deduction

  • 手控えるてびかえる

    to hang (hold) back; to hold off; to refrain; to reduce or cut back on

  • お客様控えおきゃくさまひかえ

    customer copy (of a receipt, etc.)

  • お控えなすっておひかえなすって

    please allow me to introduce myself

  • コメントを控えるコメントをひかえる

    to refrain from commenting; to not comment

  • 主控えしゅびかえ

    mainstay

  • 売り控えうりびかえ

    holding back (from selling); standing out

  • 外国税額控除がいこくぜいがくこうじょ

    foreign tax amount reduction

  • 寄付金控除きふきんこうじょ

    tax deduction for a donation to charity

  • 年少扶養控除ねんしょうふようこうじょ

    tax exemption for a child under the age of 16

  • 所得控除しょとくこうじょ

    tax deduction; deduction from taxable income; income exemptions and deductions

Explore all words using 控 →

Study

Etymology

控 combines 扌 (hand) with 空, which likely contributes the sound コウ and the idea of emptiness or pulling back. The hand radical suggests an action of restraining or drawing in.

Meaning mnemonic

A hand 扌 pulling something back into an empty space 空: you withdraw or hold back, like pulling a rope to restrain something.

Reading mnemonic

For コウ, imagine a hand holding back a wild horse with a firm 'whoa' — the sound 'whoa' is close to コウ, and the hand restrains the horse.