not less than; … and over; … or more
Attaches to a number or quantity to mean 'at least that amount' or 'that amount or more'. Antonym: 以下.
Antonyms: 以下
There were 100 or more participants.
この仕事には3年以上の経験が必要です。
This job requires three years or more of experience.
Used with nouns expressing expectations, imagination, ability, etc., to mean 'exceeding' or 'surpassing' that standard.
その景色は想像以上に美しかった。
The scenery was more beautiful than I had imagined.
彼の演奏は期待以上だった。
His performance was beyond expectations.
noun which may take the genitive case particle 'no', noun
the above; the aforementioned
Refers to something mentioned earlier in a text or conversation. Often used as a noun or with の.
以上の理由で、計画は中止となりました。
For the above reasons, the plan has been canceled.
詳細は以上をご覧ください。
Please see the above for details.
Follows a verb (often in た form) to mean 'since having done that' or 'now that the situation is such'. Functions like a conjunction.
こうなった以上、最後まで頑張るしかない。
Now that it has come to this, I have no choice but to do my best until the end.
約束した以上、守らなければならない。
Since I promised, I must keep my word.
Used at the end of a speech, explanation, or list to indicate that there is nothing more to add. Often used alone as a set phrase.
本日の会議は以上です。
That's all for today's meeting.
以上が私の報告です。
That is the end of my report.
Those aged 18 or over should apply here.
This test was harder than I had expected.
Now that I've taken it on, I should see it through to the end.
As described above, I've summarized the content of the meeting.
That concludes today's report.
not exceeding; not more than; … and under; … or fewer · below (a standard, level, etc.); under; less than · the following; the below-mentioned; the rest · including ...; ... and other (employees, officials, etc.)
以内 means 'within or less than' a limit, while 以上 means 'at or above' that limit.
未満 means 'less than' a number (excluding it), while 以上 means 'that number or more' (including it), making them opposite ends of a range.
以上 includes the stated number itself ('18歳以上' means 18 and up), whereas 未満 strictly excludes it ('18歳未満' means under 18), so learners often mix up which side of the line each word falls on.
以上 means '... or more/above' a quantity, while 以降 marks a starting point in time; both share the 以 pattern but express different comparisons.