also: まんま
I fell asleep with the window open.
Please leave it as it is.
while (in a state); with (something done)
Follows a past-tense verb describing a state, indicating that the action is done while that state persists. Common with verbs like 立つ, 座る, 閉じる.
He kept talking while standing.
I listened to music with my eyes closed.
as (one pleases); according to
Used in the pattern 〜にまま to mean 'as one wishes' or 'according to'. Often with verbs like 言う, する, 任せる.
I acted as I pleased.
I paid the money as I was told.
Only with reading ママ
Editorial notation indicating that a quoted passage is transcribed exactly as, including any errors or unusual features. Typically written in katakana as ママ.
See also: 原文のまま
I quote the original text verbatim (including any errors).
I accidentally went into the house with my shoes still on.
I read a book while sitting down.
He acted exactly as his boss told him.
The room was exactly as it used to be.
To live life as one pleases.
まま means 'leaving something as it is' and attaches to nouns or past-tense verbs with a neutral tone, while っぱなし attaches to a verb's -masu stem and usually implies careless neglect.
まま just marks a state left unchanged, while っぱなし adds a nuance of neglect or relentless continuation that まま lacks.
間々 (まま) means 'occasionally', while 儘 (まま) after a noun or verb means 'as it is, unchanged' (as in そのまま), and the two are easily confused when written only in hiragana.
ママ means 'mom' or a bar's proprietress, while まま (as in 原文まま) means 'as is, unchanged' and is unrelated in meaning despite sounding identical.
Rarely used kanji form.
Rarely used kanji form.