慎む · godan verb (-mu)
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 慎む | 慎まない |
| Polite | 慎みます | 慎みません |
| Past polite | 慎みました | 慎みませんでした |
| Past | 慎んだ | 慎まなかった |
| Te-form | 慎んで | 慎まないで |
| Desire | 慎みたい | 慎みたくない |
| Potential | 慎める | 慎めない |
| Passive | 慎まれる | 慎まれない |
| Causative | 慎ませる | 慎ませない |
| Causative passive | 慎ませられるalso 慎まされる | 慎ませられないalso 慎まされない |
| Volitional | 慎もう | |
| Polite volitional | 慎みましょう | |
| Imperative | 慎め | 慎むな |
| Conditional | 慎めば | 慎まなければ |
| Tara conditional | 慎んだら | 慎まなかったら |
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
be careful; be discreet; be prudent
Used for exercising caution in speech, behavior, or decisions; often implies avoiding impropriety or offense.
Please be careful with your words.
He refrained from making a statement.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
refrain from overdoing; do in moderation; abstain
Used for holding back on excess, such as overeating, drinking, or other indulgences. Often appears as 慎むべき or 慎みなさい.
I was told to cut back on alcohol.
I'm refraining from sweets.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
be reverent; show respectful restraint
Only when written 謹む
Used in formal or ceremonial contexts to show deep respect, often with the kanji 謹む. Common in set phrases like 謹んでお悔やみ申し上げます.
I respectfully offer New Year's greetings.
godan verb (-mu), transitive verb
be purified; be chaste
Rare, archaic sense associated with ritual purity or moral chastity. Mostly found in classical or religious texts.
In old texts, it is taught that purifying oneself maintains chastity.
The doctor told me to cut back on alcohol.
One should behave with discretion in public.
Excessive drinking should be avoided.
I refrained from making unnecessary remarks during the meeting.