証
あ
か
し
証する · noun or participle which takes 'suru'
| Form | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Dictionary | 証する | 証しない |
| Polite | 証します | 証しません |
| Past polite | 証しました | 証しませんでした |
| Past | 証した | 証しなかった |
| Te-form | 証して | 証しないで |
| Desire | 証したい | 証したくない |
| Potential | 証できる | 証できない |
| Passive | 証される | 証されない |
| Causative | 証させる | 証させない |
| Causative passive | 証させられる | 証させられない |
| Volitional | 証しよう | |
| Polite volitional | 証しましょう | |
| Imperative | 証しろ | 証するな |
| Conditional | 証すれば | 証しなければ |
| Tara conditional | 証したら | 証しなかったら |
Meanings
1
General term for something that serves as proof, evidence, or a sign of a fact or quality. Often used in formal or abstract contexts.
His success is proof of his hard work.
This letter will serve as evidence of his innocence.
2
noun, noun or participle which takes 'suru', transitive verb
witnessing; testifying; testimony
Only when written 証し
Christian term for the act of witnessing or testifying about one's faith. Usually written as 証し in this sense.
I gave a testimony of my faith at church.
He gathered to testify about his experience.
Usage patterns
- 〈事〉の証proof/evidence of ~
This award is a testament to his years of hard work.
- 〈人〉が生きた証proof that a person lived/existed
This diary is proof that she once lived in this world.